Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

酒 (radical 164 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 3116₀, composition ⿰氵酉)

References

• KangXi: page 1281, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
• Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3574, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9152

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsluʔ) : semantic 氵 ‎(“water, liquid”) + phonetic 酉 ‎(OC *luʔ, “a wine vessel”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

酒

1. alcoholic beverages in general; alcoholic drink

   你幹嗎不喝點酒？ / 你干吗不喝点酒？  ―  Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ?  ―  Why don't you have a drink (of alcohol)?

2. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. rice wine
2. alcohol

Readings

• Goon: しゅ (shu)
• Kan’on: しゅう (shū)
• Kun: さけ (sake), (in compounds) さか (saka), き (ki), くし (kushi)
• Nanori: き (ki), さ (sa), し (shi), み (mi)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Originally /ki₁/. Likely realized as [ki] (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai).

Noun

酒 ‎(hiragana き, romaji ki)

1. sake
   • 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)

     許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐

Etymology 2

Cognate with obsolete 奇し ‎(kushi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for 薬 ‎(kusuri, “medicine”).^[1][2]

Noun

酒 ‎(hiragana くし, romaji kushi)

1. sake, rice wine
   • 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)

     許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐

Derived terms

• 笑酒, 咲酒 ‎(egushi): rice wine or other alcohol that makes one smile and become happy

Etymology 3

/sake₂/ → [sakəj] → [sake]

Various theories exist. Possible connection with 栄え ‎(sakae), the stem of verb 栄える ‎(sakaeru, “to thrive, to flourish”).^[2][3]

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) さけ [sàké] (Heiban - [0])^[4][5]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠ke̞]

Noun

酒 ‎(hiragana さけ, romaji sake)

1. alcohol beverage (e.g., wine, whisky, or sake)
2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine

Derived terms

• お酒 ‎(osake): Japanese rice wine

Etymology 4

Bound form of /sake/ above, only used as a prefix before other nouns. In older forms of Japanese, could also be used to prefix verbs.^[1][6]

Prefix

酒 ‎(hiragana さか, romaji saka-)

1. alcohol
2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine

Etymology 5

Originally a 女房詞 ‎(nyōbō kotoba, “women's word”). Possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 ‎(chikuyō, literally, "bamboo leaves"), as 笹 ‎(sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.^[7]

Noun

酒 ‎(hiragana ささ, romaji sasa)

1. alcohol
2. sake, saké, Japanese rice wine

See also

References

1. 1 2 Kokugo Dai Jiten Dictionary (in Japanese), Revised edition edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1988: “（「奇（く）し」で、霊妙なものの意からか）酒の異称”
2. 1 2 “酒”, in (Please provide the title of the work) (in Japanese), Lookvise, Inc., 2003, retrieved 2012-06-07
3. ↑ Sugama, Seinosuke (1988) Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, "酒" article (in Japanese), Tokyo: Heibonsha
4. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
5. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
6. ↑ Akira Matsumura, editor (1998) Digital Daijirin (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, ISBN 4095012129
7. ↑ Akira Matsumura, editor (2006) Daijirin (in Japanese), 3rd edition edition, Tokyo: Sanseido, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

• Tsuchihashi, Yutaka; Jin'ichi Konishi, Ichinosuke Takagi (1957) Kodai Kayōshū, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060003-6

Korean

Hanja

酒 • ‎(ju) (hangeul 주, McCune-Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 燒酒 (소주)
• 藥酒 (약주)

Vietnamese

Han character

酒 (tửu, rượu, giậu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.