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Definition 2024

ковбаса

ковбаса

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

  • ківбаса ‎(kivbasá) (dialectal)

Noun

ковбаса́ • ‎(kovbasá) f inan ‎(genitive ковбаси́, nominative plural ковба́си)

  1. sausage

Declension

Synonyms

  • ковба́ска ‎(kovbáska) (diminutive)
  • ковба́сочка ‎(kovbásočka) (diminutive)
  • ковбаси́сько ‎(kovbasýsʹko) (augmentative)
  • ковбаси́ще ‎(kovbasýšče) (augmentative)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • English: kolbassa, kovbasa, kubasa

References

  • Bilodid I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ковбаса”, in Slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy, Kiev: Naukova Dumka
  • “kolbassa, kubasa” in the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Rudnycʼkyj, Jaroslav B. (1962–1982), “ковбаса”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (in Ukrainian)
  • Melʹnyčuk O. S., editor (1982–2012), “ковбаса”, in Etymolohičnyj slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kiev: Naukova Dumka

Etymology

From Middle and Old Ukrainian колбаса ‎(kolbasá), Old East Slavic кълбаса ‎(kŭlbasa). Slavic cognates point to several reconstructed forms (Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa, *klobasa, *kobasa), indicating that this is a very early borrowing, with no clear antecedent. It is considered most likely to originate from Turkish külbastı ‎(“roasted meat”), from kül ‎(“ash”), from Old Turkish kül ‎(“ash”).

Other possible connections include East Slavic *колб- ‎(kolb-) or *ковб- ‎(kovb-), cognate of Russian колоб ‎(kólob, “small round bun”), Russian and Ukrainian колобок ‎(kolobók, “small round bun”), Ukrainian ковбиця ‎(kóvbycja, “log”), ковбан ‎(kovbán, “log”), ковбик ‎(kóvbyk, “stomach”), ковбатка ‎(kovbátka, “morsel of meat”), or onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *kol-, *kel-, cognate of Bulgarian кълцам ‎(kъlcam, “to chop, mince”), Ukrainian колоти ‎(kolóty, “to prick”), лускати ‎(lúskaty, “to shell (nuts)”), дзьобати ‎(dz’óbaty, “to peck”), Old Church Slavonic кльчьтати ‎(klĭčĭtati, “to snap one's teeth”).

There is also the unlikely suggestion of a connection to Proto-Slavic *kъl̥bjь ‎(“gudgeon”); compare Russian колба ‎(kolbá), колбь ‎(kolb’), Ukrainian коблик ‎(kóblyk), ковблик ‎(kóvblyk).

Speculations of an origin in Hebrew כל־ ‎(kol-, “all”) בּשׂר ‎(basár, “meat, food”) or French calebasse ‎(“calabash”) are considered tenuous in the light of semasiology, chronology, and geography.

Compare Russian колбаса ‎(kolbasá), Belarusian каўбаса ‎(kaŭbasá), кілбаса ‎(kilbasá) and dialectal келбаса ‎(kelbasá), the last two from Polish, Old East Slavic колбаса ‎(kolbasa), Polish kiełbasa and archaic kiełbodziej ‎(“sausage stuffer”), Kashubian kiełbas, Czech klobása, rarely klobás, and archaically koblása, Slovak kolbasa, klobása, kubása, and dialectal klbása, Upper Sorbian kołbasa and dialectal kołbasa, Lower Sorbian archaic kjałbasa, rarely kjałbas, Bulgarian колбаса ‎(kolbása), колбас ‎(kolbás), and dialectal калбаса ‎(kalbása), кълбаса ‎(kŭlbása), and кобаса ‎(kobása), Macedonian колбаса ‎(kolbása), Serbo-Croatian кобасица ‎(kobásica) and dialectal клобаса ‎(klobása), and клобасица ‎(klobásica), Slovenian клобаса ‎(klobása).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /koʋbaˈsa/

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