Ancient Greek

• (4th AD Koine) IPA^(key): /isxyrós/

• (10th AD Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iskyrós/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iskiɾós/

Adjective

ἰσχυρός • ‎(iskhurós) m ‎(feminine ἰσχυρά, neuter ἰσχυρόν); first/second declension

1. strong, mighty
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 945
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 290
   • 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 15.4
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.12
   • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 310
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 50
   • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.6.1
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.1.30
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.9
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.6.11
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.76
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hipparchicus 8.24
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.111
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 66
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.6
   • 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Men at Arbitration 130
   1. mighty, powerful
      • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 302
      • 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 447
      • 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 946
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.136
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of the Athenians 1.14
      • 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 3.11
   2. forcible, obstinate, stiff, stubborn, inveterate, excessive
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.94
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.29
      • 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 15.14
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.74
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.205
      • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 11
      • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Choreutes 25
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 388.E
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 560.B
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.102
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Alcibiades 2 9
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 233.C
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.41
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.23
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.201
2. (as an adverb) strongly, with all force
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.69
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.3.11
   1. very much, exceedingly
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.108
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.183
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.7.15
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prognostics 11
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 503.B.9
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.3.44
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.15
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.129
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.12
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 1.15

Inflection

References

• ἰσχυρός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἰσχυρός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• «ἰσχυρός» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “G2478”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • acute idem, page 10.
  • authoritative idem, page 53.
  • decided idem, page 200.
  • desperate idem, page 217.
  • determined idem, page 219.
  • drastic idem, page 250.
  • emphatic idem, page 269.
  • forcible idem, page 335.
  • grim idem, page 373.
  • hard idem, page 385.
  • hard-fought idem, page 385.
  • hardy idem, page 386.
  • hotly idem, page 408.
  • imperative idem, page 420.
  • incisive idem, page 428.
  • intense idem, page 449.
  • inveterate idem, page 457.
  • lusty idem, page 505.
  • mighty idem, page 528.
  • nervous idem, page 556.
  • obstinate idem, page 567.
  • peremptory idem, page 605.
  • positive idem, page 628.
  • potent idem, page 629.
  • powerful idem, page 630.
  • resolute idem, page 702.
  • rigid idem, page 715.
  • rooted idem, page 721.
  • severe idem, page 759.
  • sound idem, page 796.
  • stable idem, page 808.
  • stolid idem, page 819.
  • stout idem, page 821.
  • strenuous idem, page 825.
  • stringent idem, page 826.
  • strong idem, page 827.
  • strong-minded idem, page 827.
  • stubborn idem, page 828.
  • sturdy idem, page 830.
  • trenchant idem, page 893.
  • unabated idem, page 905.
  • uncompromising idem, page 910.
  • vigorous idem, page 952.
  • violent idem, page 953.
  • virulent idem, page 954.
  • warm idem, page 963.