Ancient Greek

Pronoun

ὅδε • ‎(hóde)

1. (demonstrative pronoun, proximal) this
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1243
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 449
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1120
   • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 18
   • 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 989
   1. (of place) here
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.460
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1
      • 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 4
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 5
      • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 1
      • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 4
      • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 1
      • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1134
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 164.E
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 250.A
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 211.C
      1. (with verbs of action) here; (possibly) there, yonder
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.185

           νηῦς δέ μοι ἥδ' ἕστηκεν ἐπ' ἀγροῦ νόσφι πόληος,
           ἐν λιμένι Ῥείθρῳ ὑπὸ Νηΐῳ̆ ῡ̔λήεντι.

           [Athena disguised, speaking to Telemachus:]
           and my ship stands here [or yonder] in the country, away from the city,
           in the harbor of Rheithron under woody Neion.

         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.175
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.345
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.533
         • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 23
         • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 443
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 297
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 531
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 632
         • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 32
         • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 549
         • 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 80
      2. (modifying a personal pronoun)
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.205–206

           ἀλλ' ὅδ' ἐγὼ τοιόσδε, παθὼν κακά, πολλὰ δ' ἀληθείς,
           ἤλυθον εἰκοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.

           [Odysseus reuniting with Telemachus:]
           But I here in this way, after suffering evils and wandering far,
           have come in the twentieth year to my home country.

         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.76
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.140
         • 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 380
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.207
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.321
      3. (with τίς)
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.276
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.225
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.351
         • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 572
         • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1204
      4. (adds precision to adverbs of place and time), just, very
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.317
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.271
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.104
      5. (in Attic dialogue, the masculine and feminine pronouns often refer to the speaker)
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 534
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 818
         • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1438
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 305
         • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 43
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 811
      6. (in Aristotle, neuter designates some particular thing)
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1151.A.35
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 734.A.28
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 981.A.8
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 71.A.20
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 997.B.30
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 3.B.10
         • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.113
         • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.171
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1060.B.1
         • New Testament, Epistle of James 4.13
   2. (of time, to indicate the immediate present)
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 438
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 753
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.161
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 21
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 644
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1478
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 878
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 312
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 403.E
      1. this present
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1478
         • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 878
      2. these
         • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 312
      3. (elliptic with genitive)
   3. (to indicate something before one)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.226
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 883
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1329
      • 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 168
      • 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 100
      • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 63
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.77
      • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.1.6
      1. (to indicate something immediately to come) the following
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.41
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.504
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.455
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.53
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.1.20
         • 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 1.2
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 784
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 948
      2. (followed by a relative pronoun)
         • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 666
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 23
         • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 87
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.858
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.148–149
         • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 613
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.346
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.3.47
   4. (adverbial)
      1. (τῇδε)
         1. (of place) here, on the spot
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.345
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.173
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 958.D
         2. (of the way or manner)
            • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 45
            • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 79.E
            • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 433.E
      2. (accusative neuter, τόδε) hither, to this spot
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.298
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.409
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.309
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.444
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.524
         1. therefore, on this account
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.213
            • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.77
      3. (dative neuter plural, τοῖσδε, τοισίδε) in or with these words
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.!20

Inflection

Usage notes

The word is similar to, but more deictic than οὗτος ‎(hoûtos), i.e. it refers more distinctly to what is present, what can be seen or pointed out.

References

• ὅδε in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ὅδε in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὅδε in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «ὅδε» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• «ὅδε» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ὅδε in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “G3592”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • he idem, page 389.
  • i idem, page 413.
  • this idem, page 867.