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Definition 2024

孤獨

孤獨

See also: 孤独

Chinese

		lone; lonely	alone; independent; single alone; independent; single; sole; only
trad. (孤獨)		孤	獨
simp. (孤独)		孤	独

Adjective

孤獨

lonely
isolated and helpless

Noun

孤獨

loneliness
(literary) a person orphan in childhood and childless in old age

Synonyms

(lonely, loneliness): 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)

Pronunciation 2

Adjective

孤獨

(Min Nan) antisocial

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin

(Pinyin): gūdú

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄉㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ duk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-thu̍k
Min Nan (POJ): ko͘-to̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: gūdú
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄉㄨˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gudwu
  - IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ duk⁶
  - Yale: gū duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ duk⁹
  - IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-thu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu´ tug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ tug⁶
  - IPA: /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: koo-to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/

Min Nan (POJ): ko͘-ta̍k

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-ta̍k
  - Tâi-lô: koo-ta̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dak
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/