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Definition 2025

考證

考證

See also: 考证

Chinese

		to check; to verify; to test to check; to verify; to test; to examine	certificate; proof; to prove certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm
trad. (考證)		考	證
simp. (考证)		考	证

Verb

考證

to verify
to do textual research or criticism

Noun

考證

textual research; textual criticism

Synonyms

考據／考据 (kǎojù)

Derived terms

考釋／考释 (kǎoshì)

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): kǎozhèng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haau² zing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu-chṳn
Min Nan (POJ): khóⁿ-chèng / khó-chèng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǎozhèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaojenq
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haau² zing³
  - Yale: háau jing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haau² dzing³
  - IPA ^(key): /hɑːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu-chṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kau` ziin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kau³ zin⁴
  - IPA: /kʰa̯u³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ-chèng
  - Tâi-lô: khónn-tsìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvofzexng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-chèng
  - Tâi-lô: khó-tsìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoyzexng
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɤ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɤ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/