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Definition 2024
貿易
貿易
See also: 贸易
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 貿 | 易 |
|
ぼう Grade: 5 |
えき Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
貿易 (hiragana ぼうえき, romaji bōeki)
- trade, commerce
Verb
貿易する (hiragana ぼうえきする, romaji bōeki suru)
- to engage in trade
Conjugation
Conjugation of "貿易する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 貿易し | ぼうえきし | bōeki shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 貿易し | ぼうえきし | bōeki shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 貿易する | ぼうえきする | bōeki suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 貿易する | ぼうえきする | bōeki suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 貿易すれ | ぼうえきすれ | bōeki sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 貿易せよ¹ 貿易しろ² |
ぼうえきせよ¹ ぼうえきしろ² |
bōeki seyo¹ bōeki shiro² |
|
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 貿易される | ぼうえきされる | bōeki sareru | |
| Causative | 貿易させる 貿易さす |
ぼうえきさせる ぼうえきさす |
bōeki saseru bōeki sasu |
|
| Potential | 貿易できる | ぼうえきできる | bōeki dekiru | |
| Volitional | 貿易しよう | ぼうえきしよう | bōeki shiyō | |
| Negative | 貿易しない | ぼうえきしない | bōeki shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 貿易せず | ぼうえきせず | bōeki sezu | |
| Formal | 貿易します | ぼうえきします | bōeki shimasu | |
| Perfective | 貿易した | ぼうえきした | bōeki shita | |
| Conjunctive | 貿易して | ぼうえきして | bōeki shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 貿易すれば | ぼうえきすれば | bōeki sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mau6 jik6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): meu-yi̍t / méu-yi̍t / mo-yi
- Min Nan (POJ): bō͘-e̍k / mō͘-e̍k / biō-ia̍k / biō-e̍k
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ ㄧˋ → ㄇㄠˋ ㄧ˙ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw.yih
- IPA (key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/ → /mɑʊ̯⁵¹ i¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mau6 jik6
- Yale: mauh yihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mau6 jik9
- IPA (key): /mɐu̯²² jɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu-yi̍t / méu-yi̍t / mo-yi
- Hakka Romanization System: meu id / meu` id / mo i
- Hagfa Pinyim: meu4 yid6 / meu3 yid6 / mo4 yi4
- IPA: /me̯u⁵⁵ it̚⁵/, /me̯u³¹ it̚⁵/, /mo⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu-yi̍t / méu-yi̍t / mo-yi
- Hakka Romanization System: meu (r)id / meu` (r)id / mo (r)i
- Hagfa Pinyim: meu4 yid6 / meu3 yid6 / mo4 yi4
- IPA: /me̯u⁵⁵ (j)it̚⁵/, /me̯u³¹ (j)it̚⁵/, /mo⁵⁵ (j)i⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘-e̍k
- Tâi-lô: bōo-i̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: boxek
- IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /bɔ³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘-e̍k
- Tâi-lô: mōo-i̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: moxek
- IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ²²⁻²¹ iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō-ia̍k
- Tâi-lô: biō-ia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bioixiak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /biɤ⁴¹⁻²² iak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō-e̍k
- Tâi-lô: biō-i̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bioixek
- IPA (Taipei): /bio³³⁻¹¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɤ³³⁻²¹ iɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)