Russian

Alternative forms

• -а́ние ‎(-ánije)

Suffix

-е́ние • ‎(-énije)

1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)

   порази́ть ‎(porazítʹ, “to defeat”) → пораже́ние ‎(poražénije, “defeat”)

   отчи́слить ‎(otčíslitʹ, “to deduct, to dismiss”) → отчисле́ние ‎(otčislénije, “deduction, dismissal”)

   прови́деть ‎(provídetʹ, “to foresee”) → прови́дение ‎(provídenije, “foresight”), провиде́ние ‎(providénije, “Providence”)

   обсужда́ть ‎(obsuždátʹ, “to discuss”) → обсужде́ние ‎(obsuždénije, “discussion”)

   направля́ть ‎(napravljátʹ, “to direct”) → направле́ние ‎(napravlénije, “direction”)

Usage notes

• Verbs in -ить ‎(-itʹ) and -еть ‎(-etʹ) almost always take this suffix, but it is occasionally added to other verbs as well.
• The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix (e.g. отчисле́ние ‎(otčislénije) from отчи́слить ‎(otčíslitʹ)), but occasionally not (e.g. прови́дение ‎(provídenije) from прови́деть ‎(provídetʹ)).
• In verbs in -ить ‎(-itʹ) and -еть ‎(-etʹ), the stem normally becomes iotated when the suffix is added, just as with the past passive participle. прови́деть ‎(provídetʹ) is one of the few exceptions (and likewise has an exceptional, non-iotated past passive participle прови́денный ‎(provídennyj)).

Declension