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Definition 2024
-ach
-ach
Chuukese
Suffix
-ach
- (added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)
Related terms
| Small objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
| Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
| Third person | an | noun | -an | |
| Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
| Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
| Third person | ar | nour | -er |
Irish
Alternative forms
- -each (slender form)
Etymology
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ach (epicene)
- Forms nouns/adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
- Nouns:
- Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)
- Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)
- Adjectives:
- Nouns:
Usage notes
- Nouns in -ach are first declension (for males) and second declension (for females).
- Adjectives in -ach are first declension.
Derived terms
Middle Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Suffix
-ach
- forms a comparative adjective
Derived terms
Old Irish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Compare Latin -ācus, -icus.
Suffix
-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Same as the adjective suffix -ach. Originally formed only adjectives, but the suffix was already used in Proto-Celtic to form nouns.
Suffix
-ach ?
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
Derived terms
References
- Rudolf Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish (Dublin, 1946), §347
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ax]
Suffix
-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)
- Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
Derived terms
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aχ/
Suffix
-ach
- Forms a comparative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
Usage notes
Triggers fortition on the final consonant of the adjective, changing b/d/g to p/t/c.