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Definition 2024


-ja

-ja

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ja"

English

Suffix

-ja

  1. (colloquial) You, ya; only used after a [d] sound.

Derived terms

Related terms


Estonian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Finnish -ja.

Suffix

-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)

  1. -er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones

Declension

Derived terms

<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Estonian_words_suffixed_with_-ja'>Estonian words suffixed with -ja</a>

Suffix

-ja

  1. derives various adverbs
    sala "secretly" → salaja "secretly"

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ja.

Suffix

-ja (front vowel harmony variant -jä)

  1. Forms agent nouns, especially human ones; -er
    katsoa (to watch)katsoja (a watcher, spectator)
    tehdä (to do)tekijä (a doer; a writer, author, playwright; a factor)

Usage notes

  • If the stem ends in -e-, this changes to -i- before adding -ja.
juosta; juokse- -> juoksija
näytellä; näyttele- -> näyttelijä
  • After /i/, the /j/ may be silent or almost silent.

Declension

The original verb affects the declension type of the derivation.

If the -ja ending is preceded by -i-, it is declined as kulkija.

Inflection of -ja (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative -ja -jat
genitive -jan -joiden
-joitten
partitive -jaa -joita
illative -jaan -joihin
singular plural
nominative -ja -jat
accusative nom. -ja -jat
gen. -jan
genitive -jan -joiden
-joitten
-jainrare
partitive -jaa -joita
inessive -jassa -joissa
elative -jasta -joista
illative -jaan -joihin
adessive -jalla -joilla
ablative -jalta -joilta
allative -jalle -joille
essive -jana -joina
translative -jaksi -joiksi
instructive -join
abessive -jatta -joitta
comitative -joineen

Otherwise, it is declined as koira.

Inflection of -ja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative -ja -jat
genitive -jan -jien
partitive -jaa -jia
illative -jaan -jiin
singular plural
nominative -ja -jat
accusative nom. -ja -jat
gen. -jan
genitive -jan -jien
-jainrare
partitive -jaa -jia
inessive -jassa -jissa
elative -jasta -jista
illative -jaan -jiin
adessive -jalla -jilla
ablative -jalta -jilta
allative -jalle -jille
essive -jana -jina
translative -jaksi -jiksi
instructive -jin
abessive -jatta -jitta
comitative -jineen

See also


Gothic

Romanization

-ja

  1. Romanization of -𐌾𐌰

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jɒ]

Suffix

-ja

  1. (possessive suffix) his, her, its (third-person singular, single possession)
    barát (friend)a barátja (his/her/its friend)
    kapu (gate)a kapuja (his/her/its gate)
    palota (palace)a palotája (his/her/its palace)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative -ja
accusative -ját
dative -jának
instrumental -jával
causal-final -jáért
translative -jává
terminative -jáig
essive-formal -jaként
essive-modal -jául
inessive -jában
superessive -ján
adessive -jánál
illative -jába
sublative -jára
allative -jához
elative -jából
delative -járól
ablative -jától

Usage notes

  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -a is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -e is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ja is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -je is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

Suffix

-ja

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (both in indicative and subjunctive mood, definite conjugation).
    tud (to know)Tudja, hogy mit akar. - He/she knows what he/she wants.
    tartalmaz (to contain)tartalmazza (it contains)

Usage notes

  • (personal suffix) The j assimilates to the final s, sz, z, dz. See harmonic variants in the tables below.

See also

  • Category:Hungarian noun forms
  • Category:Hungarian verb forms
  • Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Serbo-Croatian

Suffix

-ja (Cyrillic spelling -ја)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer or a feature, usually negative.

See also