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Definition 2024


caur

caur

Latvian

Preposition

caur (with accusative)

  1. through (indicating movement through something else)
    jāt caur mežu ― to ride through the forest
    līst caur žogu ― to sneak through the fence
    saule iespīdēja caur logu ― the sun shone through the window
    elpot caur degunu, caur muti ― to breathe through the nose, through the mouth
  2. through (simultaneously with, alternating with)
    smaidīt caur asāram ― to smile through the tears
    viņi runāja cits caur citu ― they talked through each other (= at the same time)
  3. through, via (with someone's help or participation)
    saņemt ziņas caur tēvu ― to receive news through / via (one's) father

Related terms

Derived terms

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), caurs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *karuts, cognate with the Germanic tribal name Charudes.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kau̯r/

Noun

caur m (genitive curad or caurad, nominative plural curaid or cauraid)

  1. hero, warrior

Declension

Masculine t-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative caur curaidL, caurL curaid, cauraid
Vocative caur, caurad curaidL, caurL curtaH, caurtaH
Accusative curaidN, cauraidN, caurN curaidL, caurL curtaH, caurtaH
Genitive curad curadL curadN, cauradN
Dative curaidL, cauraidL curtaib, caurtaib curtaib, caurtaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

  • c. 1100, Táin Bó Cúailnge (Strachan 1944, p 6):
    Luid Conchobar íarum ⁊ cóeca cairptech imbi do neoch ba ṡruithem ⁊ ba airegdam inna caurad.
    Then he set off together and fifty chariot-warriors around him, from anyone who was the noblest and most illustrious of the heroes.
  • c. 1160, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 15:
    Fo chích curad / crechtaig, cathbuadaig, at comsa mac Findchoeme frim. [] Magen curad, / cride n-ega, eithre n-ela, / eirr trén tressa, trethan ágach, / cain tarb tnúthach.
    Under the breast of the hero / covered in wounds, victorious in battle, you are the son of Findchoem who is equal to me. [] Dwelling of a hero, / heart of ice, plumage of a swan / strong chariot-hero of battle, warlike sea, / beautiful fierce bull.

Derived terms

  • curadmír (warrior’s portion)

Descendants

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
caur chaur caur
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • caur” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009), “kawaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-17336-1, page 196
  • Strachan, John, ed. (1944), Stories from the Táin. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

Scots

Etymology 1

Borrowing from Scottish Gaelic ceàrr (wrong, incorrect, immoral, astray; left), from Old Irish cerr (crooked, wry, maimed).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
  • (Northern Scots) IPA(key): [kaːr], [keːr], [kɛr]

Adjective

caur (not comparable)

  1. left, left-handed
  2. awkward
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • caur-haundit (left-handed)

Etymology 2

From Middle English carre, from Anglo-Norman carre, from Latin carra, neuter plural of carrus (four-wheeled baggage wagon).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
  • (Northern Scots, Insular Scots) IPA(key): [kaːr]

Noun

caur (plural caurs)

  1. car
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kɑːr], [kɔːr]
  • (Northern Scots, Insular Scots) IPA(key): [kaːr]

Noun

caur

  1. plural of cauf