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Definition 2024
ciets
ciets
Latvian
Adjective
ciets (def. cietais, comp. cietāks, sup. viscietākais; irreg. adv. cieti, ciet)
- (physics) solid (having stable form)
- cieta viela, cietviela ― solid substance
- cieti ķermeņi ― solid bodies
- cietais kurināmais ― solid fuel
- ciets agregātstāvoklis ― solid state
- hard, solid, rigid (difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.)
- ciets minerāls, metāls ― hard, solid mineral, metal
- ciets tērauds, granīts ― hard, solid steel, granite
- ciets diamants, asmens ― hard, solid diamond, blade
- ciets zīmulis ― hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)
- ciets kā akmens ― hard, solid as rock
- visi akmeņi nebūt nav vienādi cieti ― not all stones are equally hard
- hard, solid (having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice)
- cieta augsne, grunts, pļava ― hard soil, ground, meadow
- ciets māls ― hard clay
- ciets pamats ― hard, soild foundation
- uzplēsti seši hektāri cietajā stepes zemē ― six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed
- (of fabric, cloth) hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)
- ciets audekls ― solid canvas
- cieta aitāda ― hard sheepskin
- ciets zābaks ― hard boot
- viņš nēsāja uzkreklus ar cietām apkaklītēm ― he wore a dickey with a hard collar
- (of furniture, cushions, etc.) hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)
- ciets dīvāns, spilvens ― hard sofa, pillow
- cieta gulta, atzveltne ― hard bed, back (of chair)
- tas krēsls man par cietu ― that chair is too hard for me
- (of body parts, tissue) hard (difficult to bend or break)
- citie audi ― hard tissue
- ciets kauls ― hard bone
- cieta āda ― hard skin
- cietās aukslējas ― hard palate
- rokas bija pilnas cietu tulznu ― (his) hands were full of hard blisters
- (of hands, their skin) hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)
- cietas rokas ― hard hands
- cieta plauksta ― hard palm (of hand)
- (of hair) thick, strong
- cieta bārda ― thick beard
- cietas ūsas ― thick mustache
- (of plants) hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)
- ciets koks, ozols ― hard tree, oak
- ciets stumbrs, zars ― hard trunk, branch
- ciets grauds ― hard grain
- šo koku koksne pusotras reizes cietāka par dzelzi ― the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron
- (of food) hard (difficult to bite and chew)
- cieta gaļa, maize ― hard meat, bread
- ciets siers ― hard cheese
- cieta ola ― hard (boiled) egg
- (of character, will; of people, their behavior) hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)
- ciets raksturs ― hard, tough character
- cieta daba ― hard, tough nature
- cieta sirds ― hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)
- viņš bija ciets cilvēks ― he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)
- ciets skatiens ― hard look
- viņa sejas izteiksme bija cieta un nepielūdzama ― his facial expression was hard and relentless
- (of faces, their features) hard, stiff
- kad pēc vēja brāzmas viņš pacēla seju augstāk, tā bija kļuvusi pelēki cieta ka sastingusi zeme ― when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground
- (of thoughts, ideas, promisess) hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)
- ciets solījums ― solemn promise
- kluss vīru pulks... viss gvarda vārdos teikts; vien cietam zvērestam ceļ katrs roku ― the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath
- (colloquial) rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)
- cieta alga ― rigid wage, salary
- cietas cenas ― rigid prices
- (of movements) hard, strong, determined
- mierigiem, cietiem soļiem viņš nāca tuvāk ― with calm, strong steps he came closer
- mātes skāviens ir karsts, ciets, izmisīgs ― mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate
- (of sleep) tight (syn. ciešs)
- visa nakts tad bija pavadīta cietā, veselīgā miegā ― the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep
- (of water) hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)
- ciets ūdens mazgāšanai nav derīgs ― hard water is not appropriate for washing
- (of wind, weather) strong, sharp
- jūra bija balta un ziemeļu vējš kļuva aizvien cietāks ― the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper
- ja priedes tā šūpojas, tad ir vētra, ciets laiks, kā saka tēvs ― if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say
- (adverbial form; of people, objects) tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)
- cieti citu pie citas ― very close one by the other
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of ciets
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | ciets | cieti | cieta | cietas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | cietu | cietus | cietu | cietas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | cieta | cietu | cietas | cietu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | cietam | cietiem | cietai | cietām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | cietu | cietiem | cietu | cietām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | cietā | cietos | cietā | cietās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Usage notes
The adverbial form cieti is the one normally used adverbially; the shorter form ciet is more frequently found as a predicative adverb meaning “closed”, “shut” (cf. German zu) or to mark imperfective status with certain verbs (e.g., iet ciet with respect to perfective aiziet).
Synonyms
- (of "hard, solid, rigid"): stings, stingrs, stīvs
- (of "thick"; "concentrated (look)"; "strong (movement)"; "sleep"; "close together"): ciešs
Antonyms
- (of "state of matter"): šķidrs (“liquid”), gāzveidīgs (“gaseous”)
- (of "hard", including "hard water"): mīksts
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ciets”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7