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Definition 2024

pcyn'

pcyn'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

  • [Avestan needed] ‎(pačīn) (Pazend)

Noun

pcyn' • ‎(pačēn)

  1. (Book Pahlavi) copy

Derived terms

  • hmpcyn' ‎(ham-pačēn, “wholly-copied”)

Descendants

References

  • Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “pacēn”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 147a
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “pa(č)čen”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 62
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*čak/g”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-15496-4, pages 31–32
  • Müller, Friedrich (1892), “Pahlawi und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 6, pages 264–265
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 224
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “պատճէն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, page 45b
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 902
  • Gharib, B. (1995), “pʾtcγny(y)”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 261b
  • “pr$gn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

Etymology

According to Cheung, composed of the Proto-Iranian preverb *pati- ‎(“against”) with the verbal root *čag- / *čak- ‎(“to strike, hit”). The formation is similar to German Durch-schlag. Nyberg specifically reconstructs the development as *patšagn ← *pati-čagn- ← Old Iranian *patičag-niya-.

On the other hand, according to Müller, and following him Hübschmann, Ačaṙyan and Olsen, the word is going back to Old Iranian *patičayana- ‎(literally “against-reading”), composed of the preverb *pati- ‎(“against”) and the verbal root *čai- ‎(“to gather, collect”). Typologically compare Ancient Greek ἀντίγραφον ‎(antígraphon, “copy”, literally “against-reading”). For the sense development “to gather, collect” → “to read”, Müller compares Latin lego ‎(“to gather; to read”), Ancient Greek λέγω ‎(légō, “to gather; to say”).

Cognate with Sogdian pʾtcγny ‎(pātčaγnē, “answer, reply letter”), which is usually derived from Old Iranian *pati-čagnaka-, as well as the following Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պատճէն ‎(patčēn), պատճիկ ‎(patčik), պաճիկ ‎(pačik, “copy of an official letter”), Biblical Hebrew פַּתְשֶׁגֶן ‎(paṯšéḡen, “copy”), Aramaic פַּרְשֶׁגֶן ‎(paršéḡen, “copy”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܓܢܐ ‎(paršaḡnāʾ, “copy”).

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