Etymology

From Middle Chinese: 無擊堂堂之陳, a quotation from Chapter VII of The Art of War by Sun Tzu. Related expressions in other Asian languages include the Japanese 堂堂の陣.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [vo˧˧ kïʔk̟̚˧ˀ˦ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˨˩ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˨˩ ṯɕi˧˧ ṯɕɜn˧ˀ˨ʔ]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [vow˧˧ kɨ̞̠ʔt̚˦˥ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˧˧ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˧˧ ṯɕɪj˧˧ ʈɜŋ˨ˀ˨ʔ]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [vʲow˧˥ kɨ̞̠ʔt̚˦ˀ˥ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˨˩ ˀɗɨ̞̠ɜŋ˨˩ c̻ɪj˧˥ ʈɜŋ˨ˀ˧ʔ]