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Definition 2024

wnpšk'

wnpšk'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

  • [script needed] ‎(vanafša)

Noun

wnpšk' • ‎(wanafšag)

  1. violet (flower)

Descendants

(Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian and including the descendants of the unattested by-form *manafšak:)

  • Mazanderani ونوشه ‎(vanūše)
  • Persian: بنفشه ‎(banafše)
    • → Avar: мана́рша ‎(manárša)
    • → Azeri: bənövşə
    • → Bashkir: миләүшә ‎(miläwšä)
    • → Central Iranian dialects:
      • Gazi: benapše
      • Kafruni: benewše
      • Kasha’i: benafša
      • Qohrudi: benawša
      • Sivandi: benafše
      • Vonishuni: benafša
      • Zefra’i: bönowše
    • → Hindustani:
      • Hindi: बनफ़्शा ‎(banafša)
      • Urdu: بنفشه ‎(banafša)
    • → Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: binefş, benefş, binevş
    • → Lak: банавша ‎(banawša)
    • → Lezgi: бене́вша ‎(benévša)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: بنفشه ‎(benefşe), منكشه ‎(menekşe), منوشه ‎(menevşe)
      • Turkish: menekşe
      • → Albanian: menekshe
      • → Armenian: մէնէքշէ ‎(mēnēkʿšē)
      • → Bulgarian: менекше́ ‎(menekšé), мана́кше ‎(manákše)
      • → Greek: μενεξές ‎(menexés)
      • → Middle Armenian: մանօշայ ‎(manōšay)
      • → Romanian: micșunea
      • → Serbo-Croatian: менѐкше, менѐкша, менѐвша
    • → Sangisari: benafše
    • → Sarikoli: [script needed] ‎(banafša)
    • → Sedehi: benafše
    • → Shahmirzadi: [script needed] ‎(benafše)
    • → Tabasaran: беневша ‎(benevša), бене́ш ‎(benéš), бене́вш ‎(benévš), бала́вш ‎(balávš)
    • → Wakhi: [script needed] ‎(banāfš)
  • → Arabic: بنفسج ‎(banafsaj), بنفشج ‎(banafšaj), منفشج ‎(manafšaj)
    → Persian: بنفسج ‎(banafsaj)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܡܢܝܫܟܐ ‎(mənīškāʼ)
  • → Old Armenian: մանուշակ ‎(manušak)

References

  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 53
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “մանուշակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, page 256
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 86
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 759
  • Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 115, 180
  • Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 268b
  • Abajev, V. I. (1973) Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ osetinskovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, page 69

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.

Bailey derives from the Iranian colour-name *van- ‎(“blue”), comparing for it Khotanese [script needed] ‎(banāte, “plum or pear”), Old English ƿann ‎(“wan”) and Old Armenian վան- ‎(van-, “crystal”). For the suffix -ap- he compares Latin cannabis.

On the other hand, Martirosyan proposes connection with Ancient Greek ἴον ‎(íon, “violet”), earlier *ϝίον ‎(*wíon), γία ‎(gía, “ἄνϑη”) = ϝία ‎(wía), and Latin viola ‎(“violet”), suggesting that "we might be dealing with a Mediterranean-Iranian/Near-Eastern flower-name" with a proto-form like *wion- which might yield Iranian *v(y)an-. He regards Iranian *-afš as a suffix of substrate origin comparable with Armenian -աւշ ‎(-awš), as in թեղաւշ ‎(tʿeławš).

Some of the descendants (e.g. Armenian մանուշակ ‎(manušak)) presuppose a by-form *manafšak.

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