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Definition 2024
πρᾶος
πρᾶος
See also: πράος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- πρᾷος (prâios)
- πραΰς (praǘs)
- πρηΰς (prēǘs) Ionic
Adjective
πρᾶος • (prâos) m (feminine πραεῖᾰ, neuter πρᾶον); first/second declension
- soft, gentle
- Homeric Hymns, Homeric Hymn to Ares 10
-
πρηῢ καταστίλβων σέλας ὑψόθεν ἐς βιότητα ἡμετέρην
- Shed down a soft ray from above upon my life!
-
πρηῢ καταστίλβων σέλας ὑψόθεν ἐς βιότητα ἡμετέρην
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.71
-
ὃς Συρακόσσαισι νέμει βασιλεὺς πραῢς ἀστοῖς
- [...] the king who rules Syracuse, gentle to his citizens [...]
-
ὃς Συρακόσσαισι νέμει βασιλεὺς πραῢς ἀστοῖς
-
- tame
- mild
Usage notes
In Attic, Tragedy, and Comedy, πρᾶος is used in the singular, except that the feminine is always πραεῖα. Forms from πραΰς (Ionic πρηΰς) are used in Epic and Lyric poetry, as well as in Xenophon, the Septuagint, Polybius, etc.
The iota subscript (viz. πρᾷος) is written in manuscripts, but not inscriptions. **πρᾳΰς does not appear. This verb is not used in Homer.
Inflection
Declension of πρᾶος; πρᾶον
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | |||||||
| Nominative | πρᾶος | πρᾶον | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾶοι | πρᾶᾰ | |||||||
| Genitive | πρᾱ́ου | πρᾱ́ου | πρᾱ́οιν | πρᾱ́οιν | πρᾱ́ων | πρᾱ́ων | |||||||
| Dative | πρᾱ́ῳ | πρᾱ́ῳ | πρᾱ́οιν | πρᾱ́οιν | πρᾱ́οις | πρᾱ́οις | |||||||
| Accusative | πρᾶον | πρᾶον | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾱ́ους | πρᾶᾰ | |||||||
| Vocative | πρᾶε | πρᾶον | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾱ́ω | πρᾶοι | πρᾶᾰ | |||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | ||||||||||
| πρᾱ́ως | πρᾱότερος | πρᾱότᾰτος | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. | ||||||||||||
Declension of πρᾱῠ̈́ς; πρᾱεῖᾰ; πρᾱῠ̈́
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
| Nominative | πρᾱῠ̈́ς | πρᾱεῖᾰ | πρᾱῠ̈́ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱείᾱ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱεῖς / πρᾱέες | πρᾱεῖαι | πρᾱέᾰ | ||||
| Genitive | πρᾱέως | πρᾱείᾱς | πρᾱέως | πρᾱέοιν | πρᾱείαιν | πρᾱέοιν | πρᾱέων | πρᾱειῶν | πρᾱέων | ||||
| Dative | πρᾱεῖ / πρᾱέῐ̈ | πρᾱείᾳ | πρᾱεῖ / πρᾶέῐ̈ | πρᾱέοιν | πρᾱείαιν | πρᾱέοιν | πρᾱέσῐ(ν) | πρᾱείαις | πρᾱέσῐ(ν) | ||||
| Accusative | πρᾱῠ̈́ν | πρᾱεῖᾰν | πρᾱῠ̈́ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱείᾱ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱεῖς | πρᾱείᾱς | πρᾱέᾰ | ||||
| Vocative | πρᾱῠ̈́ | πρᾱεῖᾰ | πρᾱῠ̈́ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱείᾱ | πρᾱέε | πρᾱεῖς / πρᾱέες | πρᾱεῖαι | πρᾱέᾰ | ||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | ||||||||||
| πρᾱέως | πρᾱῠ̈́τερος | πρᾱῠ̈́τᾰτος, πρᾱ́ῠ̈στος | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. | ||||||||||||
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
| Nominative | πρηῠ̈́ς | πρηεῖᾰ | πρηῠ̈́ | πρηέε | πρηείᾱ | πρηέε | πρηεῖς / πρηέες | πρηεῖαι | πρηέᾰ | ||||
| Genitive | πρηέος | πρηείᾱς | πρηέος | πρηέοιν | πρηείαιν | πρηέοιν | πρηέων | πρηειέων / πρηειῶν | πρηέων | ||||
| Dative | πρηεῖ / πρηέῐ̈ | πρηείᾳ | πρηεῖ / πρῆέῐ̈ | πρηέοιν | πρηείαιν | πρηέοιν | πρηέσῐ(ν) | πρηείῃσῐ(ν) | πρηέσῐ(ν) | ||||
| Accusative | πρηῠ̈́ν | πρηεῖᾰν | πρηῠ̈́ | πρηέε | πρηείᾱ | πρηέε | πρηεῖς | πρηείᾱς | πρηέᾰ | ||||
| Vocative | πρηῠ̈́ | πρηεῖᾰ | πρηῠ̈́ | πρηέε | πρηείᾱ | πρηέε | πρηεῖς / πρηέες | πρηεῖαι | πρηέᾰ | ||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | ||||||||||
| πρηέως | πρηῠ̈́τερος | πρηῠ̈́τᾰτος | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
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Antonyms
References
- πρᾶος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- πρᾶος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- «πρᾶος» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- amiable idem, page 27.
- bland idem, page 81.
- clement idem, page 137.
- gentle idem, page 357.
- good idem, page 366.
- gracious idem, page 368.
- humane idem, page 409.
- indulgent idem, page 435.
- kind idem, page 469.
- lenient idem, page 485.
- meek idem, page 522.
- merciful idem, page 525.
- mild idem, page 529.
- pacific idem, page 588.
- patient idem, page 598.
- placable idem, page 615.
- smooth idem, page 788.
- suave idem, page 830.
- sweet idem, page 848.
- tender idem, page 861.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
- Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch