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Definition 2024

ἐπιθυμέω

Ancient Greek

Verb

ἐπιθῡμέω • ‎(epithūméō)

to set one's heart on a thing, desire, covet
1. (with genitive)
2. (Koine, with accusative)
  - 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5.27–28
    Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη· Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ.
    You have heard it said "Do not commit adultery." But I tell you that everyone looking at a woman to covet her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
  - New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 13.8–9
    Μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν· ὁ γὰρ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἕτερον νόμον πεπλήρωκεν. τὸ γάρ · Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, Οὐ φονεύσεις, Οὐ κλέψεις, Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ⸃ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, ἐν τῷ· Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.
    Owe nothing to anyone, except loving each other. For the one who loves another has fulfilled the law. For "Do not commit adultery", "Do not murder", "Do not steal", "Do not covet", and whatever other command, is summed up in "Love your neighbor as yourself".
3. (with infinitive) desire, want to
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 143.d
    νῦν δὲ ἧττον γὰρ ἐκείνους ἢ τούσδε φιλῶ, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐπιθυμῶ εἰδέναι τίνες ἡμῖν τῶν νέων ἐπίδοξοι γενέσθαι ἐπιεικεῖς.
    For right now I care less for people there than people here, and I very much want to know which of our young men are likely to turn out well.

Inflection

Present: ἐπιθῡμέω, ἐπιθῡμέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιθῡμέω	ἐπιθῡμέεις	ἐπιθῡμέει	ἐπιθῡμέετον	ἐπιθῡμέετον	ἐπιθῡμέομεν	ἐπιθῡμέετε	ἐπιθῡμέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμέω	ἐπιθῡμέῃς	ἐπιθῡμέῃ	ἐπιθῡμέητον	ἐπιθῡμέητον	ἐπιθῡμέωμεν	ἐπιθῡμέητε	ἐπιθῡμέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιθῡμέοιμῐ	ἐπιθῡμέοις	ἐπιθῡμέοι	ἐπιθῡμέοιτον	ἐπιθῡμεοίτην	ἐπιθῡμέοιμεν	ἐπιθῡμέοιτε	ἐπιθῡμέοιεν
	imperative		ἐπιθῡ́μεε	ἐπιθῡμεέτω	ἐπιθῡμέετον	ἐπιθῡμεέτων		ἐπιθῡμέετε	ἐπιθῡμεόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπιθῡμέομαι	ἐπιθῡμέῃ, ἐπιθῡμέει	ἐπιθῡμέεται	ἐπιθῡμέεσθον	ἐπιθῡμέεσθον	ἐπιθῡμεόμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμέεσθε	ἐπιθῡμέονται
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμέωμαι	ἐπιθῡμέῃ	ἐπιθῡμέηται	ἐπιθῡμέησθον	ἐπιθῡμέησθον	ἐπιθῡμεώμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμέησθε	ἐπιθῡμέωνται
	optative	ἐπιθῡμεοίμην	ἐπιθῡμέοιο	ἐπιθῡμέοιτο	ἐπιθῡμέοισθον	ἐπιθῡμεοίσθην	ἐπιθῡμεοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμέοισθε	ἐπιθῡμέοιντο
	imperative		ἐπιθῡμέου	ἐπιθῡμεέσθω	ἐπιθῡμέεσθον	ἐπιθῡμεέσθων		ἐπιθῡμέεσθε	ἐπιθῡμεέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπιθῡμέειν				ἐπιθῡμέεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιθῡμέων				ἐπιθῡμεόμενος
	f	ἐπιθῡμέουσᾰ				ἐπιθῡμεομένη
	n	ἐπιθῡμέον				ἐπιθῡμεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἐπιθῡμῶ, ἐπιθῡμοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιθῡμῶ	ἐπιθῡμεῖς	ἐπιθῡμεῖ	ἐπιθῡμεῖτον	ἐπιθῡμεῖτον	ἐπιθῡμοῦμεν	ἐπιθῡμεῖτε	ἐπιθῡμοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμῶ	ἐπιθῡμῇς	ἐπιθῡμῇ	ἐπιθῡμῆτον	ἐπιθῡμῆτον	ἐπιθῡμῶμεν	ἐπιθῡμῆτε	ἐπιθῡμῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιθῡμοίην, ἐπιθῡμοῖμῐ	ἐπιθῡμοίης, ἐπιθῡμοῖς	ἐπιθῡμοίη, ἐπιθῡμοῖ	ἐπιθῡμοῖτον, ἐπιθῡμοίητον	ἐπιθῡμοίτην, ἐπιθῡμοιήτην	ἐπιθῡμοῖμεν, ἐπιθῡμοίημεν	ἐπιθῡμοῖτε, ἐπιθῡμοίητε	ἐπιθῡμοῖεν, ἐπιθῡμοίησᾰν
	imperative		ἐπιθῡ́μει	ἐπιθῡμείτω	ἐπιθῡμεῖτον	ἐπιθῡμείτων		ἐπιθῡμεῖτε	ἐπιθῡμούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπιθῡμοῦμαι	ἐπιθῡμεῖ, ἐπιθῡμῇ	ἐπιθῡμεῖται	ἐπιθῡμεῖσθον	ἐπιθῡμεῖσθον	ἐπιθῡμούμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμεῖσθε	ἐπιθῡμοῦνται
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμῶμαι	ἐπιθῡμῇ	ἐπιθῡμῆται	ἐπιθῡμῆσθον	ἐπιθῡμῆσθον	ἐπιθῡμώμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμῆσθε	ἐπιθῡμῶνται
	optative	ἐπιθῡμοίμην	ἐπιθῡμοῖο	ἐπιθῡμοῖτο	ἐπιθῡμοῖσθον	ἐπιθῡμοίσθην	ἐπιθῡμοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμοῖσθε	ἐπιθῡμοῖντο
	imperative		ἐπιθῡμοῦ	ἐπιθῡμείσθω	ἐπιθῡμεῖσθον	ἐπιθῡμείσθων		ἐπιθῡμεῖσθε	ἐπιθῡμείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπιθῡμεῖν				ἐπιθῡμεῖσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιθῡμῶν				ἐπιθῡμούμενος
	f	ἐπιθῡμοῦσᾰ				ἐπιθῡμουμένη
	n	ἐπιθῡμοῦν				ἐπιθῡμούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐπεθῡ́μεον, ἐπεθῡμεόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεθῡ́μεον	ἐπεθῡ́μεες	ἐπεθῡ́μεε(ν)	ἐπεθῡμέετον	ἐπεθῡμεέτην	ἐπεθῡμέομεν	ἐπεθῡμέετε	ἐπεθῡ́μεον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεθῡμεόμην	ἐπεθῡμέου	ἐπεθῡμέετο	ἐπεθῡμέεσθον	ἐπεθῡμεέσθην	ἐπεθῡμεόμεθᾰ	ἐπεθῡμέεσθε	ἐπεθῡμέοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐπεθῡ́μουν, ἐπεθῡμούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεθῡ́μουν	ἐπεθῡ́μεις	ἐπεθῡ́μει	ἐπεθῡμεῖτον	ἐπεθῡμείτην	ἐπεθῡμοῦμεν	ἐπεθῡμεῖτε	ἐπεθῡ́μουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεθῡμούμην	ἐπεθῡμοῦ	ἐπεθῡμεῖτο	ἐπεθῡμεῖσθον	ἐπεθῡμείσθην	ἐπεθῡμούμεθᾰ	ἐπεθῡμεῖσθε	ἐπεθῡμοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἐπιθῡμήσω, ἐπιθῡμήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιθῡμήσω	ἐπιθῡμήσεις	ἐπιθῡμήσει	ἐπιθῡμήσετον	ἐπιθῡμήσετον	ἐπιθῡμήσομεν	ἐπιθῡμήσετε	ἐπιθῡμήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἐπιθῡμήσοιμῐ	ἐπιθῡμήσοις	ἐπιθῡμήσοι	ἐπιθῡμήσοιτον	ἐπιθῡμησοίτην	ἐπιθῡμήσοιμεν	ἐπιθῡμήσοιτε	ἐπιθῡμήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐπιθῡμήσομαι	ἐπιθῡμήσῃ, ἐπιθῡμήσει	ἐπιθῡμήσεται	ἐπιθῡμήσεσθον	ἐπιθῡμήσεσθον	ἐπιθῡμησόμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμήσεσθε	ἐπιθῡμήσονται
middle	optative	ἐπιθῡμησοίμην	ἐπιθῡμήσοιο	ἐπιθῡμήσοιτο	ἐπιθῡμήσοισθον	ἐπιθῡμησοίσθην	ἐπιθῡμησοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμήσοισθε	ἐπιθῡμήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐπιθῡμήσειν			ἐπιθῡμήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιθῡμήσων			ἐπιθῡμησόμενος
	f	ἐπιθῡμήσουσᾰ			ἐπιθῡμησομένη
	n	ἐπιθῡμῆσον			ἐπιθῡμησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐπεθῡ́μησᾰ, ἐπεθῡμησᾰ́μην, ἐπιθῡμήθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεθῡ́μησᾰ	ἐπεθῡ́μησᾰς	ἐπεθῡ́μησε(ν)	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰτον	ἐπεθῡμησᾰ́την	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰμεν	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰτε	ἐπεθῡ́μησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμήσω	ἐπιθῡμήσῃς	ἐπιθῡμήσῃ	ἐπιθῡμήσητον	ἐπιθῡμήσητον	ἐπιθῡμήσωμεν	ἐπιθῡμήσητε	ἐπιθῡμήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιθῡμήσαιμῐ	ἐπιθῡμήσειᾰς, ἐπιθῡμήσαις	ἐπιθῡμήσειε(ν), ἐπιθῡμήσαι	ἐπιθῡμήσαιτον	ἐπιθῡμησαίτην	ἐπιθῡμήσαιμεν	ἐπιθῡμήσαιτε	ἐπιθῡμήσειᾰν, ἐπιθῡμήσαιεν
	imperative		ἐπιθῡ́μησον	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́τω	ἐπιθῡμήσᾰτον	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́των		ἐπιθῡμήσᾰτε	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐπεθῡμησᾰ́μην	ἐπεθῡμήσω	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰτο	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰσθον	ἐπεθῡμησᾰ́σθην	ἐπεθῡμησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰσθε	ἐπεθῡμήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐπιθῡμήσωμαι	ἐπιθῡμήσῃ	ἐπιθῡμήσηται	ἐπιθῡμήσησθον	ἐπιθῡμήσησθον	ἐπιθῡμησώμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμήσησθε	ἐπιθῡμήσωνται
	optative	ἐπιθῡμησαίμην	ἐπιθῡμήσαιο	ἐπιθῡμήσαιτο	ἐπιθῡμήσαισθον	ἐπιθῡμησαίσθην	ἐπιθῡμησαίμεθᾰ	ἐπιθῡμήσαισθε	ἐπιθῡμήσαιντο
	imperative		ἐπιθῡ́μησαι	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́σθω	ἐπιθῡμήσᾰσθον	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́σθων		ἐπιθῡμήσᾰσθε	ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐπιθῡμήθην	ἐπιθῡμήθης	ἐπιθῡμήθη	ἐπιθῡμήθητον	ἐπιθῡμηθήτην	ἐπιθῡμήθημεν	ἐπιθῡμήθητε	ἐπιθῡμήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπεθῡμηθῶ	ἐπεθῡμηθῇς	ἐπεθῡμηθῇ	ἐπεθῡμηθῆτον	ἐπεθῡμηθῆτον	ἐπεθῡμηθῶμεν	ἐπεθῡμηθῆτε	ἐπεθῡμηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπεθῡμηθείην	ἐπεθῡμηθείης	ἐπεθῡμηθείη	ἐπεθῡμηθεῖτον, ἐπεθῡμηθείητον	ἐπεθῡμηθείτην, ἐπεθῡμηθειήτην	ἐπεθῡμηθεῖμεν, ἐπεθῡμηθείημεν	ἐπεθῡμηθεῖτε, ἐπεθῡμηθείητε	ἐπεθῡμηθεῖεν, ἐπεθῡμηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐπεθῡμήθητῐ	ἐπεθῡμηθήτω	ἐπεθῡμήθητον	ἐπεθῡμηθήτων		ἐπεθῡμήθητε	ἐπεθῡμηθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπιθῡμῆσαι			ἐπιθῡμήσᾰσθαι		ἐπεθῡμηθῆναι
participle	m	ἐπιθῡμήσᾱς			ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́μενος		ἐπεθῡμηθείς
	f	ἐπιθῡμήσᾱσᾰ			ἐπιθῡμησᾰμένη		ἐπεθῡμηθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐπιθῡμῆσᾰν			ἐπιθῡμησᾰ́μενον		ἐπεθῡμηθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐπιθῡ́μημα ‎(epithū́mēma)
ἐπιθῡ́μησις ‎(epithū́mēsis)
ἐπιθῡμήτειρα ‎(epithūmḗteira)
ἐπιθῡμητής ‎(epithūmētḗs)
ἐπιθῡμητικός ‎(epithūmētikós)
ἐπιθῡμητός ‎(epithūmētós)

Related terms

ἐπιθῡμίᾱ ‎(epithūmíā)
ἐπίθῡμος ‎(epíthūmos)

References

ἐπιθυμέω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἐπιθυμέω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
«ἐπιθυμέω» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“G1937”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979

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Definition 2024

ἐπιθυμέω

ἐπιθυμέω

Ancient Greek

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

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