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ἔρχομαι
ἔρχομαι
See also: έρχομαι
Ancient Greek
Verb
ἔρχομαι • (érkhomai)
Usage notes
ἔρχομαι is a suppletive verb that typically uses forms from other roots for all tenses and moods besides present indicative. εἶμι (eîmi) provides present non-indicative and imperfect indicative forms, and the present indicative forms have future meaning in Attic prose. ἦλθον (êlthon) provides aorist, perfect, and pluperfect forms, and an alternative set of future forms used in Epic, Ionic, and Tragic.
Inflection
Present: ἔρχομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔρχομαι | ἔρχῃ, ἔρχει |
ἔρχεται | ἔρχεσθον | ἔρχεσθον | ἐρχόμεθᾰ | ἔρχεσθε | ἔρχονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἔρχωμαι | ἔρχῃ | ἔρχηται | ἔρχησθον | ἔρχησθον | ἐρχώμεθᾰ | ἔρχησθε | ἔρχωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐρχοίμην | ἔρχοιο | ἔρχοιτο | ἔρχοισθον | ἐρχοίσθην | ἐρχοίμεθᾰ | ἔρχοισθε | ἔρχοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἔρχου | ἐρχέσθω | ἔρχεσθον | ἐρχέσθων | ἔρχεσθε | ἐρχέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἔρχεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐρχόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐρχομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐρχόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἶμι | εἶ | εἶσῐ(ν) | ἴτον | ἴτον | ἴμεν | ἴτε | ἴᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἴω | ἴῃς | ἴῃ | ἴητον | ἴητον | ἴωμεν | ἴητε | ἴωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἴοιμῐ | ἴοις | ἴοι | ἴοιτον | ἰοίτην | ἴοιμεν | ἴοιτε | ἴοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἴθῐ | ἴτω | ἴτον | ἴτων | ἴτε | ἰόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἰέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἰών | |||||||||||
| f | ἰοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἰόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ᾖᾰ/ᾔειν
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾖᾰ/ᾔειν | ᾔεισθᾰ/ᾔεις | ᾔειν/ᾔει | ᾖτον | ᾔτην | ᾖμεν | ᾖτε | ᾖσᾰν/ᾔεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλεύσομαι | ἐλεύσεαι | ἐλεύσεται | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλευσόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐλεύσεσθε | ἐλεύσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐλευσοίμην | ἐλεύσοιο | ἐλεύσοιτο | ἐλεύσοισθον | ἐλευσοίσθην | ἐλευσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐλεύσοισθε | ἐλευσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐλεύσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐλευσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐλευσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐλευσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλεύσομαι | ἐλεύσεαι | ἐλεύσεται | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλευσόμεθᾰ | ἐλεύσεσθε | ἐλεύσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐλευσοίμην | ἐλεύσοιο | ἐλεύσοιτο | ἐλεύσοισθον | ἐλευσοίσθην | ἐλευσοίμεθᾰ | ἐλεύσοισθε | ἐλευσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐλεύσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐλευσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐλευσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐλευσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλεύσομαι | ἐλεύσεαι | ἐλεύσεται | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλεύσεσθον | ἐλευσόμεθᾰ | ἐλεύσεσθε | ἐλεύσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐλευσοίμην | ἐλεύσοιο | ἐλεύσοιτο | ἐλεύσοισθον | ἐλευσοίσθην | ἐλευσοίμεθᾰ | ἐλεύσοισθε | ἐλεύσοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐλεύσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐλευσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐλευσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐλευσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἦλθον | ἦλθες | ἦλθε(ν) | ἤλθετον | ἠλθέτην | ἤλθομεν | ἤλθετε | ἦλθον | ||||
| subjunctive | ἔλθω | ἔλθῃς | ἔλθῃ | ἔλθητον | ἔλθητον | ἔλθωμεν | ἔλθητε | ἔλθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἔλθοιμῐ | ἔλθοις | ἔλθοι | ἔλθοιτον | ἐλθοίτην | ἔλθοιμεν | ἔλθοιτε | ἔλθοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐλθέ | ἐλθέτω | ἔλθετον | ἐλθέτων | ἔλθετε | ἐλθόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐλθεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐλθών | |||||||||||
| f | ἐλθοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐλθόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλυθον | ἤλυθες | ἤλυθεν | ἠλύθετον | ἠλύθετην | ἠλύθαμεν | ἠλύθετε | ἤλυθον | ||||
| subjunctive | |||||||||||||
| optative | |||||||||||||
| imperative | |||||||||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | |||||||||||||
| participle | m | ||||||||||||
| f | |||||||||||||
| n | |||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλήλυθᾰ | ἐλήλυθᾰς | ἐλήλυθε(ν) | ἐληλύθᾰτον | ἐληλύθᾰτον | ἐλήλυμεν/ἐληλύθαμεν | ἐλήλυτε/ἐληλύθατε | ἐληλύθᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐληλύθω | ἐληλύθῃς | ἐληλύθῃ | ἐληλύθητον | ἐληλύθητον | ἐληλύθωμεν | ἐληλύθητε | ἐληλύθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐληλύθοιμῐ, ἐληλυθοίην |
ἐληλύθοις, ἐληλυθοίης |
ἐληλύθοι, ἐληλυθοίη |
ἐληλύθοιτον | ἐληλυθοίτην | ἐληλύθοιμεν | ἐληλύθοιτε | ἐληλύθοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐλήλυθε | ἐληλυθέτω | ἐληλύθετον | ἐληλυθέτων | ἐληλύθετε | ἐληλυθόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐληλυθέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐληλυθώς | |||||||||||
| f | ἐληλυθυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐληλυθός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἰλήλουθᾰ | εἰλήλουθᾰς | εἰλήλουθε(ν) | εἰλήλουθᾰτον | εἰλήλουθᾰτον | εἰληλούθαμεν/εἰλήλουθμεν | εἰλήλουθᾰτε | εἰλήλουθᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | εἰλήλουθω | εἰλήλουθῃς | εἰλήλουθῃ | εἰλήλουθητον | εἰλήλουθητον | εἰλήλουθωμεν | εἰλήλουθητε | εἰλήλουθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εἰλήλουθοιμῐ, εἰλήλουθοίην |
εἰλήλουθοις, εἰλήλουθοίης |
εἰλήλουθοι, εἰλήλουθοίη |
εἰλήλουθοιτον | εἰλήλουθοίτην | εἰλήλουθοιμεν | εἰλήλουθοιτε | εἰλήλουθοιεν | |||||
| imperative | εἰλήλουθε | εἰλήλουθέτω | εἰλήλουθετον | εἰλήλουθέτων | εἰλήλουθετε | εἰλήλουθόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἰλήλουθέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | εἰλήλουθώς | |||||||||||
| f | εἰλήλουθυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | εἰλήλουθός | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐληλύθειν
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐληλύθειν, ἐληλύθη |
ἐληλύθεις, ἐληλύθης |
ἐληλύθει(ν) | ἐληλύθετον | ἐληλυθέτην | ἐληλύθεμεν | ἐληλύθετε | ἐληλύθεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Along with a few others (λαβέ (labé), ἰδέ (idé), εὑρέ (heuré), εἰπέ (eipé)), the aorist imperative has an irregular accent: ἐλθέ (elthé) and not **ἔλθε. This is not the case in compounds, however.
Descendants
- Greek: έρχομαι (érchomai, “to come”)
- προέρχομαι (proérchomai, “to originate”)
References
- ἔρχομαι in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἔρχομαι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἔρχομαι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- «ἔρχομαι» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- «ἔρχομαι» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἔρχομαι in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “G2064”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326