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Definition 2024

上層建築

上層建築

See also: 上层建筑

Chinese

		upper strata; upper levels	to build; to construct; to erect
trad. (上層建築)		上層	建築
simp. (上层建筑)		上层	建筑

Noun

上層建築

superstructure

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): shàngcéng jiànzhù, shàngcéng jiànzhú

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ, ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹
Min Nan (POJ): siōng-chân kiàn-tiok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: shàngcéng jiànzhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqtsengr jiannjuh
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: shàngcéng jiànzhú
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqtsengr jiannjwu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹
  - Yale: seuhng chàhng gin jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ tsang⁴ gin³ dzuk⁷
  - IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-chân kiàn-tiok
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-tsân kiàn-tiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngzaan kierndiog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴ kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚³²/