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Definition 2024

契丹

契丹

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (契丹)		契	丹

Proper noun

契丹

The Khitans, a Mongolic people who ruled Manchuria, then Northern China (as the Liao), then Central Asia (as the Kara Khitai) from the 9th to 13th century.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
契	丹
Grade: S	Grade: S

Proper noun

契丹 ‎(hiragana きったん, romaji Kittan)

the Mongolian Khitan tribe that ruled Manchuria from 907–1115 CE.

Etymology

A Middle Chinese transcription of Khitan Khita(n).

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): Qìdān

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄉㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kit³ daan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: Qìdān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄉㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chihdan
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ta̠n⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kit³ daan¹
  - Yale: kit dāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kit⁸ daan¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰiːt̚³ tɑːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰei^H|kʰɨt̚|kʰet̚ tɑn/▼

Rime
Character	契	契	契	丹
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	迄 (58)	屑 (87)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III	IV	I
Fanqie	苦計切	去迄切	苦結切	都寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi^H/	/kʰiət̚/	/kʰɛt̚/	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰɛt̚/	/tan/
Li Rong	/kʰei^H/	/kʰiət̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰiei^H/	/kʰĭət̚/	/kʰiet̚/	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiei^H/	/kʰi̯ət̚/	/kʰiet̚/	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì	qi	qie	dān