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Definition 2025
故障
故障
Chinese
happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old
|
to block; to hinder; to obstruct | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
simp. and trad. (故障) |
故 | 障 | |
Noun
故障
- breakdown (of a mechanical or electronic device); malfunction; fault
- (computing) bug
- obstacle; hitch
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 故 | 障 |
|
こ Grade: 5 |
しょう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
故障 (hiragana こしょう, romaji koshō)
- break, break down, have a fault, go out of order
Verb
故障する (intransitive, hiragana こしょうする, romaji koshō suru)
- break, break down, have a fault
Conjugation
Conjugation of "故障する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 故障し | こしょうし | koshō shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 故障し | こしょうし | koshō shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 故障する | こしょうする | koshō suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 故障する | こしょうする | koshō suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 故障すれ | こしょうすれ | koshō sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 故障せよ¹ 故障しろ² |
こしょうせよ¹ こしょうしろ² |
koshō seyo¹ koshō shiro² |
|
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 故障される | こしょうされる | koshō sareru | |
| Causative | 故障させる 故障さす |
こしょうさせる こしょうさす |
koshō saseru koshō sasu |
|
| Potential | 故障できる | こしょうできる | koshō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 故障しよう | こしょうしよう | koshō shiyō | |
| Negative | 故障しない | こしょうしない | koshō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 故障せず | こしょうせず | koshō sezu | |
| Formal | 故障します | こしょうします | koshō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 故障した | こしょうした | koshō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 故障して | こしょうして | koshō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 故障すれば | こしょうすれば | koshō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gu3 zoeng3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-chong
- Min Nan (POJ): kò͘-chiong / kò͘-chiòng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄓㄤˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhjanq
- IPA (key): /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gu3 zoeng3
- Yale: gu jeung
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu3 dzoeng3
- IPA (key): /kuː³³ t͡ɕœːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-chong
- Hakka Romanization System: gu zong
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu4 zong4
- IPA: /ku⁵⁵ t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiong / kò͘-chiòng
- Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiong / kòo-tsiòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: korciofng, korcioxng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/, /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien)