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Definition 2024

艱難

艱難

See also: 艰难

Chinese

		difficult; hard; hardship	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (艱難)		艱	難
simp. (艰难)		艰	难

Adjective

艱難

hard; difficult; challenging

Synonyms

困難／困难 (kùnnan)
難／难 (nán)

Derived terms

艱難險阻／艰难险阻

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): jiānnán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄋㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ naan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kân-nàn / kiên-nàn / kiân-nàn
Min Nan (POJ): kan-lân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiānnán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄋㄢˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannan
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ na̠n³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaan¹ naan⁴
  - Yale: gāan nàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ naan⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /kɑːn⁵⁵ nɑːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kân-nàn / kiên-nàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gan´ nanˇ / gien´ nanˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gan¹ nan² / gian¹ nan²
  - IPA: /kan²⁴ nan¹¹/, /ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kân-nàn / kiân-nàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gan´ nanˇ / gian´ nanˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gan¹ nan² / gian¹ nan²
  - IPA: /kan²⁴ nan¹¹/, /ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-lân
  - Tâi-lô: kan-lân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kanlaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/