Russian

Alternative forms

• -но́й ‎(-nój) (when the ending is stressed)

Suffix

-ный • ‎(-nyj)

1. -ish, -ic, -al, -ed; having a particular quality of, pertaining to, associated with; forms adjectives from nouns, and sometimes from verbs

   культура ‎(kulʹtura, “culture”) → культу́рный ‎(kulʹtúrnyj, “cultural”)

   ме́сто ‎(mésto, “place”) → ме́стный ‎(méstnyj, “local”)

   наро́д ‎(naród, “people”) → наро́дный ‎(naródnyj, “folk”)

   не́га ‎(néga, “comfort”) → не́жный ‎(néžnyj, “gentle”)

   нормати́в ‎(normatív, “norm”) → нормати́вный ‎(normatívnyj, “normative”)

   свобо́да ‎(svobóda, “freedom”) → свобо́дный ‎(svobódnyj, “free”)

   учёба ‎(učóba, “studies, training”) → уче́бный ‎(učébnyj, “educational, (attributive) training”)

   се́рия ‎(sérija, “series”) → сери́йный ‎(seríjnyj, “serial”)

   грех ‎(grex, “sin”) → гре́шный ‎(gréšnyj, “sinful”)

   не- ‎(ne-) + обы́чай ‎(obýčaj, “custom”) → необыча́йный ‎(neobyčájnyj, “unusual, extraordinary”)

   German molekular → молекуля́рный ‎(molekuljárnyj, “molecular”)

   German Kassation → кассацио́нный ‎(kassaciónnyj, “(attributive) appeal, cassation”)

   томи́ть ‎(tomítʹ, “to tire, to exhaust”) → то́мный ‎(tómnyj, “languid, languorous”)

Declension

Usage notes

Note the following properties:

• The stress is usually drawn onto the preceding syllable, cf. обы́чай ‎(obýčaj, “custom”) → необыча́йный ‎(neobyčájnyj, “unusual, extraordinary”), се́рия ‎(sérija, “series”) → сери́йный ‎(seríjnyj, “serial”).
• A velar may turn into a palatal as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, cf. не́га ‎(néga, “comfort”) → не́жный ‎(néžnyj, “gentle”), грех ‎(grex, “sin”) → гре́шный ‎(gréšnyj, “sinful”). This and the following property are due to the *ь that was formerly present at the beginning of the suffix.
• ё may turn back into е, cf. учёба ‎(učóba, “studies, training”) → уче́бный ‎(učébnyj, “educational, (attributive) training”).
• Adjectives in -ный may be formed directly from foreign nouns or adjectives, as in молекуля́рный ‎(molekuljárnyj, “molecular”) and кассацио́нный ‎(kassaciónnyj, “(attributive) appeal, cassation”) (there is no such adjective *молекуля́р and no such noun *кассацио́н).

Derived terms

Related terms

• -ний ‎(-nij)