Dutch

Alternative forms

• -ken

Suffix

-ke n ‎(plural -kes)

1. Appended to a noun, making it diminutive.

Estonian

Suffix

-ke ‎(genitive -kese, partitive -kest)

1. A noun suffix that builds diminutives from nouns.

• kivi (stone) → kivike (a small stone)

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Finnish

Etymology

• -kka +‎ -e

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-keˣ/

Suffix

-ke

1. Forms diminutive forms of nouns.

   aalto ‎(“wave”) → aalloke ‎(“wavelet”)

   siipi ‎(“wing”) → siiveke ‎(“aileron”)

   lause ‎(“sentence”) → lauseke ‎(“expression; phrase”)

2. Forms nouns from verbs, often to describe the result of an action.

   elää ‎(“to live”) → eläke ‎(“pension”)

   seisahtaa ‎(“to come to a standstill”) → seisake ‎(“railway stop”)

3. (rare) Forms nouns from adjectives.

   lämmin ‎(“warm”) → lämmike ‎(“something used to warm up”)

Derived terms

See also

• -e
• -te

References

• § 257 ke-sanojen koostumus ja merkitys, Iso suomen kielioppi, 2004

German Low German

Etymology

Compare German -chen, Dutch -ke.

Suffix

-ke

1. (Low Prussian) Suffix used to form the diminutive of nouns and hypocoristic forms of proper nouns and other parts of speech.

   Brotke

   bread

   Anke

   Annie

   Gottke

   God

   kommke

   come (second-person singular present imperative, hypocoristic)

References

• Erhard Riemann (et al.), Preußisches Wörterbuch: deutsche Mundarten Ost- und Westpreußens (1974)
• A. Treichel, Dialectische Räthsel, Reime und Märchen aus dem Ermlande, in the Altpreussische Monatsschrift, volume 27 (1890)
• H. Frischbier, Preussisches Wörterbuch, Ost- und westpreussische Provinzialismen, volume 1, A-K (1882)
• H. Frischbier, Preussisches Wörterbuch, Ost- und westpreussische Provinzialismen, volume 2, L-Z (1883)

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric, compare to Finnish -kka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɛ]

Suffix

-ke

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.

   egy ‎(“one”) → egyke ‎(“only child”)

   egér ‎(“mouse”) → egérke ‎(“tiny mouse”)

   ül ‎(“to sit”) → ülő ‎(“sitting”) → ülőke ‎(“seat, small seat”)

Usage notes

• (diminutive suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ka is added to back vowel words

  -ke is added to front vowel words

Derived terms

See also

• -cske
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes