The name given in later times to the Asmonaeans, a family of Jewish patriots, who headed a religious revolt in the reign of , 168-161 , which led to a period of freedom for Israel.

The name of two ancient historical books, which give accounts of Jewish affairs in or about the time of the Maccabean princes, and which are received as canonical books in the Roman Catholic Church, but are included in the Apocrypha by Protestants. Also applied to three books, two of which are found in some MSS. of the Septuagint.