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Definition 2024
aros
aros
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh arhos, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare + *woseti (“spend the night; remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“spend the night”). The -s- originally belonged only to the verbal noun (which is from *ɸarewostom) since *-s- between vowels disappears in Brythonic, hence Middle Welsh forms like arhoaf (“I wait”) have no -s-; in Modern Welsh the -s- has been extended to the finite forms by analogy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈarɔs/
Verb
aros (stem arhos-)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present/future | arhosaf | arhosi | erys | arhoswn | arhoswch | arhosant | arhosir | |
| imperfect/conditional | arhoswn | arhosit | arhosai | arhosem | arhosech | arhosent | arhosid | |
| preterite | arhosais | arhosaist | arhosodd | arosasom | arosasoch | arosasant | arhoswyd | |
| pluperfect | arosaswn | arosasit | arosasai | arosasem | arosasech | arosasent | arosasid, arosesid | |
| subjunctive | arhoswyf | arhosych | arhoso | arhosom | arhosoch | arhosont | arhoser | |
| imperative | — | aros, arhosa | arhosed | arhoswn | arhoswch | arhosent | arhoser | |
| verbal noun | aros | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | arosadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | arhosa i, arhosaf i | arhosi di | arhosith o/e/hi, arhosiff e/hi | arhoswn ni | arhoswch chi | arhosan nhw |
| conditional | arhoswn i, arhosswn i | arhoset ti, arhosset ti | arhosai fo/fe/hi, arhossai fo/fe/hi | arhosen ni, arhossen ni | arhosech chi, arhossech chi | arhosen nhw, arhossen nhw |
| preterite | arhosais i, arhoses i | arhosaist ti, arhosest ti | arhosodd o/e/hi | arhoson ni | arhosoch chi | arhoson nhw |
| imperative | — | arhosa | — | — | arhoswch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| aros | unchanged | unchanged | haros |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||