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Definition 2024
caoin
caoin
Irish
Adjective
caoin (genitive singular masculine caoin, genitive singular feminine caoine, plural caoine, comparative caoine)
Declension
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | caoin | chaoin | caoine; chaoine² |
|
| Vocative | chaoin | caoine | ||
| Genitive | caoine | caoine | caoin | |
| Dative | caoin; chaoin¹ |
chaoin | caoine; chaoine² |
|
| Comparative | níos caoine | |||
| Superlative | is caoine | |||
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Etymology 2
From Old Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”).
Noun
caoin f (genitive singular caoine)
Declension
Second declension
|
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Etymology 3
From Old Irish caínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).
Verb
caoin (present analytic caoineann, future analytic caoinfidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | caoinim | caoineann tú; caoinir† |
caoineann sé, sí | caoinimid | caoineann sibh | caoineann siad; caoinid† |
a chaoineann; a chaoineas / a gcaoineann*; a gcaoineas* |
caointear |
| past | chaoin mé; chaoineas | chaoin tú; chaoinis | chaoin sé, sí | chaoineamar; chaoin muid | chaoin sibh; chaoineabhair | chaoin siad; chaoineadar | a chaoin / ar chaoin* |
caoineadh | |
| past habitual | chaoininn | chaointeá | chaoineadh sé, sí | chaoinimis; chaoineadh muid | chaoineadh sibh | chaoinidís; chaoineadh siad | a chaoineadh / ar chaoineadh* |
chaointí | |
| future | caoinfidh mé; caoinfead |
caoinfidh tú; caoinfir† |
caoinfidh sé, sí | caoinfimid; caoinfidh muid |
caoinfidh sibh | caoinfidh siad; caoinfid† |
a chaoinfidh; a chaoinfeas / a gcaoinfidh*; a gcaoinfeas* |
caoinfear | |
| conditional | chaoinfinn | chaoinfeá | chaoinfeadh sé, sí | chaoinfimis; chaoinfeadh muid | chaoinfeadh sibh | chaoinfidís; chaoinfeadh siad | a chaoinfeadh / ar chaoinfeadh* |
chaoinfí | |
| subjunctive | present | go gcaoine mé; go gcaoinead† |
go gcaoine tú; go gcaoinir† |
go gcaoine sé, sí | go gcaoinimid; go gcaoine muid |
go gcaoine sibh | go gcaoine siad; go gcaoinid† |
— | go gcaointear |
| past | dá gcaoininn | dá gcaointeá | dá gcaoineadh sé, sí | dá gcaoinimis; dá gcaoineadh muid |
dá gcaoineadh sibh | dá gcaoinidís; dá gcaoineadh siad |
— | dá gcaointí | |
| imperative | caoinim | caoin | caoineadh sé, sí | caoinimis | caoinigí; caoinidh† |
caoinidís | — | caointear | |
| verbal noun | caoineadh | ||||||||
| past participle | caointe | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Dialect form
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| caoin | chaoin | gcaoin |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- "caoin" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “1 caín” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “2 caín” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “caínid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɯːn/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish caínid, from Brythonic (compare Welsh cwyn (“lament”)).
Verb
caoin (past chaoin, future caoinidh, verbal noun caoineadh, past participle caointe)
Synonyms
Etymology 2
From Old Irish caín (“smooth finished side; especially the outer surface of a wall, etc.”).
Noun
caoin f (genitive singular caoine, no plural)
Antonyms
Derived terms
- caoin air ascaoin (“inside out”)
References
- Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, ISBN 0 901771 92 9
- “2 caín” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “caínid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.