- Afrikaans: hoofstad (af)
- Albanian: kryeqytet (sq) m
- Amharic: ዋና ከተማ (wana kätäma)
- Arabic: عَاصِمَة (ar) f (ʿāṣima), حَاضِرَة f (ḥāḍira)
- Armenian: մայրաքաղաք (hy) (mayrakʿałakʿ)
- Asturian: capital f
- Avar: тахшагьар (taχšahar)
- Azeri: baş şəhəri, paytaxt (az)
- Bashkir: башҡала (bašqala)
- Basque: hiriburu (eu)
- Bavarian: Hauptstod
- Belarusian: сталі́ца f (stalíca)
- Bengali: রাজধানী (rajdhani)
- Breton: kêrbenn
- Bulgarian: сто́лица (bg) f (stólica)
- Burmese: မြို့တော် (my) (mrui.tau)
- Buryat: ниислэл хото (niislel xoto), ниислэл (niislel)
- Catalan: capital (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 首都 (zh) (shǒudū)
- Crimean Tatar: paytaht
- Czech: hlavní město (cs) n
- Danish: hovedstad (da)
- Dutch: hoofdstad (nl) m, f
- Erzya: прявтош (prjavtoš)
- Esperanto: ĉefurbo (eo)
- Estonian: pealinn (et)
- Faroese: høvuðsstaður (fo) m
- Finnish: pääkaupunki (fi)
- French: (of nation) capitale (fr) f, (of a region or département) chef-lieu (fr) m
- Friulian: capitâl f
- Gagauz: baş kasaba
- Georgian: დედაქალაქი (dedakalaki), სატახტო ქალაქი (saṭaxṭo kalaki)
- German: Hauptstadt (de) f
- Greek: πρωτεύουσα (el) f (protévousa)
- Guaraní: tavusu
- Gujarati: રાજધાની (rājdhānī)
- Hawaiian: kapikala
- Hebrew: בִּירָה (he) f (birá)
- Hindi: राजधानी f (rājdhānī)
- Hungarian: főváros (hu)
- Icelandic: höfuðborg (is) f
- Ido: chef-urbo (io)
- Indonesian: ibukota
- Irish: príomhchathair f, ceannphort m
- Italian: (of nation) capitale (it) f, (of a state or regione) capoluogo (it) m
- Japanese: 首都 (ja) (しゅと, shuto), 都 (ja) (miyako)
- Javanese: ibu kutha
- Kalmyk: хотл балһсн (xotl balhsn)
- Kannada: ರಾಜಧಾನಿ (kn) (rājadhāni)
- Kazakh: астана (kk) (astana)
- Khmer: រដ្ឋធានី (rōəttətīənī), រាជធានី (km) (rīichtīənī)
- Korean: 수도 (ko) (sudo) (首都 (ko))
- Kurdish:
- Kurmanji: paytext (ku)
- Sorani: پایتهخت (pAitakjt)
- Kyrgyz: борбор (ky) (borbor)
- Lao: ນະຄອນຫລວງ (na khǭn lūang)
- Latvian: galvaspilsēta (lv) f
- Lithuanian: sostinė (lt) f
- Lojban: trutca
- Lule Sami: oajvvestáda
- Macedonian: гла́вен град m (gláven grad)
- Malagasy: renivohiny (mg)
- Malayalam: തലസ്ഥാനം (ml) (talasthānaṃ)
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- Maltese: belt kapitali
- Manx: ard-valley m, preeu-valley m
- Maori: tino tāone, tāone matua
- Marathi: राजधानी f (rājdhānī)
- Moksha: пряош (prjaoš)
- Mongolian: нийслэл хот (mn) (nijslel hot), нийслэл (mn) (nijslel)
- Navajo: Wááshindoon bikin
- Northern Sami: oaivegávpot
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: hovedstad (no) m
- Nynorsk: hovudstad m
- Novial: chef-urbe
- Old English: heafodstol m, cynesetl n, heafodburg f
- Old Norse: hǫfuðstaðr m
- Ossetian: сӕйраг сахар (sæjrag saxar)
- Pashto: پلازمېنه f (plâzmena)
- Persian: پایتخت (fa) (pâytaxt)
- Pitcairn-Norfolk: kapitel citii
- Polish: stolica (pl) f
- Portuguese: capital (pt) m, f
- Punjabi: ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ (rājdhānī)
- Romani:
- Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeeresko fooros
- Romanian: capitală (ro) f
- Romansch: chapitala f (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader), capitala f (Sursilvan, Surmiran), tgapitala f (Sutsilvan), chapitela f (Puter), cauliug m (Sursilvan)
- Russian: столи́ца (ru) f (stolíca)
- Sanskrit: राजधानी (sa) f (rājadhānī)
- Scots: caipital ceety
- Scottish Gaelic: prìomh-bhaile
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: престоница f, главни град m
- Roman: prestonica (sh) f, glavni grad (sh) m
- Shor: ӧӧн тура (öön tura)
- Sicilian: capitali (scn)
- Silesian German: Hauptstoadt f
- Sinhalese: අගනුවර (aganuvara)
- Slovak: hlavné mesto n
- Slovene: glavno mesto (sl) n
- Somali: caasimad, magaalomadax
- Spanish: capital (es) f
- Sundanese: dayeuh
- Swabian: Haubdschdadd
- Swedish: huvudstad (sv) c
- Tagalog: kapital, ulunlunsod, pununglunsod
- Tajik: пойтахт (tg) (poytaxt)
- Tamil: தலைநகர் (talainakar)
- Tatar: башкала (tt) (başkala)
- Telugu: రాజధాని (te) (rājadhāni)
- Thai: เมืองหลวง (th) (meuanglŭang)
- Turkish: başkent (tr)
- Turkmen: paýtagt
- Ukrainian: столи́ця (uk) f (stolýcja)
- Urdu: دارالحکومت (dār-ul-ḥukūmat)
- Uzbek: poytaxt (uz)
- Venetian: cavedal
- Vietnamese: thủ đô (vi) (首都)
- Volapük: cifazif (vo), (older term) glezif
- Welsh: prifddinas (cy) f
- West Frisian: haadstêd (fy)
- Yakut: киин куорат (kiin kuorat)
- Yiddish: הויפּטשטאָט f (hoyptshtot)
- Zhuang: saudu
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