English

Noun

constructed language ‎(plural constructed languages)

1. (linguistics) A human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.
   • 2004, Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Language:

     The first practical constructed language was the south-west German Pastor Schleyer's Volapük from 1879; its complicated grammar and irregular vocabulary made learning difficult, however. The most successful has been Esperanto, devised by the Warsaw ophthalmologist Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887, that today can count some one million speakers.

   • 2008, Inc Icon Group International, Repeat: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases, ICON Group International, ISBN 9780546669817, page 587:

     [...] Unas Language from the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 is a simplistic constructed language that lends itself to quick, sharp sentences.

2. Any language, whether a human language, a programming language or markup language, that is not a natural language.
   • 1972, Maurice Marois, Man and computer: proceedings, S. Karger, page 120:

     So if the constructed language is machine code, that is very fine, because the syntax (the grammar) is very simple and the meaning of each instruction can be verified [...]

   • 1974, Enid Mumford, Harold Sackman, International Federation for Information Processing, Human choice and computers: proceedings of the IFIP Conference on Human Choice and Computers, Vienna, April 1-5, 1974, North-Holland Pub. Co., ISBN 9780444107749, page 19:

     Considering the versatility of natural language, it is indeed astonishing that constructed languages like algebra and programming languages were introduced and became successful.

   • 2010, Alex Scott, What Is Expression?: How a Formal Theory Can Clarify the Expressive Possibilities of Language, iUniverse, ISBN 9781450205863, page 107:

     Among the kinds of expressive vocabularies that a speaker or writer may employ are emotional, moral, religious, aesthetic, scientific, technical, logical, mathematical, natural language, and constructed language (such as programming language or indexing language) vocabularies.

3. (linguistics, archaic) Any language used by people, as opposed to less civilized means of communication, such as the socialization between animals.
   • 1844, Henry Cockton, Sylvester Sound, the somnambulist, page 203-204:

     It has been said that— when I made the observation, that if they were not married they ought to be—I endeavoured to stab their reputation. Now, I'll prove that I endeavoured to do nothing of the sort. [...] I'll prove it by logic, and I defy all the mathematicians in the habitable globe to known it down. I'll prove it by the regular mathematical construction of the English language, and will any man tell me there's any constructed language in the universe more mathematically regular than that?

   • 1855, Benjamin Humphrey Smart, Thought and language: an essay, having in view the revival, correction, and exclusive establishment of Locke's philosophy, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, page 165:

     Who does not understand, as single parts of speech, all the common combinations which serve to connect and carry on construction, such as in-consequence-of, on-this-account, [...], and the like? Indeed, we are entitled to say of ordinary common-place speakers, that as they scarcely use constructed language except in forms already existing, so, with them, each thought finds an immediate sign in some familiar sentence; but then, be it observed, the parts which compose the sign have ceased to be separately significant: the sentences so used have been brought back to the condition of original or natural language, that of exclamations, — they have ceased to be logical, by having become purely rhetorical.

   • 1867, David King, The British harbinger, David King, page 384:

     What we ordinarily term language is made up of vocal signs of an arbitrary character, with corresponding written signs. As general principles are recognized in the construction and arrangement of these signs, we see at once the reason that brutes have no artificial language — that is, no sign that are agreed upon as expressive of ideas. They do indeed have a natural language, made up of natural signs, cries, and motions, which vary in different tribes of animals; but artificial, that is, constructed language, is a wholly different thing, although it may incorporate into itself features from natural language. The parrot is indeed said to talk, but it is sheer imitation; and he never originates any language.

Quotations

• For usage examples of this term, see Citations:constructed language.

Synonyms

• (colloquial) conlang
• artificial language, planned language

Translations

See also

• constructed language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Elvish, Klingon and Na'vi: Constructed languages gain foothold in film on Wikinews.Wikinews