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Definition 2024
dzert
dzert
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *ger-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷer-, *gʷor-, *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”). The meaning “to drink” is attested only in Baltic languages. Cognates include Lithuanian gérti, Sudovian terd (< *gert), Old Prussian girtwei (“to praise”) (< “to drink in praise of”), Proto-Slavic *žьrati < *gьrati (Russian жрать (žrat’, “to gobble, to devour”), Czech žrati, Polish żreć), Sanskrit गिरति (giráti, “to eat, to gobble”), Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”), βορά (borá, “food, meat, bite”) (< *gʷor-), Latin vorāre (“to devour”) (< *gʷor-).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dzɛɾ̂t]
Verb
dzert tr. or intr., 1st conj., pres. dzeru, dzer, dzer, past dzēru
- to drink (to take a liquid into the mouth and swallow it)
- dzert kafiju, tēju, vīnu ― to drink coffee, tea, wine
- teļš dzer pienu ― the calf is drinking milk
- putni dzer ūdeni ― birds drink water
- visu mūžu labprāt esmu dzēris alu ― I have drunk beer with pleasure my whole life
- (intransitive) to drink (to satisfy one's thirst)
- govis sanāk pie dīķa dzert ― the cows came by the pond to drink
- “dzert gribas,” puika sūrojās ― “I'm thirsty (lit. I want to drink),” the boy complained
- (of medicine) to take, to ingest (with a liquid)
- dzert zāles ― to take medicine
- dzert aspirīna tableti ― to take an aspirin tablet
- (figuratively) to enjoy (light, air, climate)
- viņa dzēra vasaru kā zieds, kas atplaucis vienai dienai ― she drank the summer like a flower that blossoms (only) for one day
- (intransitive) to drink (to consume alcoholic beverages frequently, systematically)
- vīrs dzer tikai tad, ja mājās viss nav kārtībā ― a husband drinks only when everything is not in order at home
- tad viņš iesāka dzert: vakaru pēc vakara viņš streipuļodams no kroga pārnāca mājā ― then he began to drink: night after night he came home staggering from the bar
- to drink (an alcoholic beverage) to the honor of someone, of a celebration), to celebrate (weddings, baptisms, funerals)
- tagad, Aivar, es dzeru uz jūsu laimi! ― now, Aivars, I drink to your happiness!
- kāzu godu mēs dzērām, kāzu dziesmas dziedājām ― we drank (in honor of) the wedding, we sang wedding songs
- tagad jādzer Brīviņa bēres ― now (we) have to drink (= celebrate) Brīviņš's funeral
- pēdīgi viņš vaicāja, kad Kristīne vēloties, lai tiktu kāzas dzertas? ― finally he asked when Kristīne wanted that the wedding be drunk (= celebrated)
Conjugation
conjugation of dzert
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) |
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Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) |
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1st pers. sg. | es | dzeru | dzēru | dzeršu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | dzer | dzēri | dzersi | dzer |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dzer | dzēra | dzers | lai dzer |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | dzeram | dzērām | dzersim | dzersim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dzerat | dzērāt | dzersiet, dzersit |
dzeriet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dzer | dzēra | dzers | lai dzer |
CONJUNCTIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | dzerot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dzerošs | ||
Past | esot dzēris | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | dzerdams | ||
Future | dzeršot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dzerot | ||
Imperative | lai dzerot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dzeram | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dzēris | |||
Present | dzertu | Present Passive | dzerams | ||
Past | būtu dzēris | Past Passive | dzerts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jādzer | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | dzert | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jādzer | Negative Infinitive | nedzert | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jādzerot | Verbal noun | dzeršana |
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
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- other derived terms:
- dzērājs, dzērāja
- dzērējs, dzērēja
- dzēriens
- dzertuve
See also
References
- ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “dzert”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7