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Definition 2024

gulti

gulti

Lithuanian

Verb

gul̃ti ‎(third-person present tense gùla, third-person past tense gùlė)

  1. (intransitive, with į̃ + accusative) lie, lie down (assume a lying position to rest)
  2. (intransitive) fall ill, sick
  3. (intransitive, about grass, crops) wilt, droop
  4. (intransitive) settle, rest
    dùlkės gùla añt stãlo. - dust settles on the table.
  5. (intransitive, with į̃ + accusative) infest, infect

Conjugation

dalyviai of gulti
active passive
present gùląs, gùlantis gùlamas
past gùlęs gul̃tas
past frequentative gul̃davęs —
future gul̃siąs, gul̃siantis gul̃simas
participle of necessity — gul̃tinas
pusdalyvis of gulti
active
special adverbial participle gul̃damas
padalyviai of gulti
active
present adverbial gùlant
past adverbial gùlus
past frequentative adverbial gul̃davus
future adverbial gul̃siant
būdinys of gulti
manner of action participle gul̃te, gul̃tinai

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 978 90 04 27898 1, page 193
  2. ↑ Albert J. van Windekens (1979) Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes. Vol. I. La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain, page 217
  3. ↑ David F. Robinson (1983) 'On Loan Words between Baltic and Slavic' in American Contributions to the Ninth International Congress of Slavists, Kiev, September 1983, volume I. Linguistics. Ed. M. S. Flier. Columbus, Ohio, page 248

Etymology

Cognate with Latvian gul̃t ‎(“go to bed”). Related to guolis ‎(“lair, den”). Derksen connects this etymon with dialectal gvaldýti ‎(“cram, pack”), gvãlis ‎(“lair, den”), which means the -u- must go back to Proto-Indo-European *-u̯-. The root may therefore by Proto-Indo-European *gwel-, *gul-.[1]

In view of this reconstruction, we may have to reject connections with Tocharian A klā-, klāw- Tocharian B klāy- ‎(“fall, collapse”), Sanskrit ग्लाति ‎(glāti) ग्लायति ‎(glāyáti, “be exhausted, weary”), which assume a zero-grade *gʷl̥-.[2]

An alternative view is that of Robinson, who, in view of lėgti ("weaken, cease", also "lay down"), suggests a connection by metathesis with Proto-Slavic *legti ‎(“to lie”), from *legʰ-.[3] Compare kepti : Proto-Slavic *pekti ‎(“to bake”).

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