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Definition 2024
pener
pener
Old French
Alternative forms
Verb
pener
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has a stressed present stem pein distinct from the unstressed stem pen. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of pener (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | pener | avoir pené | |||||
| gerund | en penant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | penant | ||||||
| past participle | pené | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pein | peines | peine | penons | penez | peinent |
| imperfect | penoie, peneie, penoe, peneve | penoies, peneies, penoes, peneves | penoit, peneit, penot, peneve | peniiens, peniens | peniiez, peniez | penoient, peneient, penoent, penevent | |
| preterite | penai | penas | pena | penames | penastes | penerent | |
| future | penerai | peneras | penera | penerons | peneroiz, penereiz, penerez | peneront | |
| conditional | peneroie, penereie | peneroies, penereies | peneroit, penereit | peneriiens, peneriens | peneriiez, peneriez | peneroient, penereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pein | peins | peint | penons | penez | peinent |
| imperfect | penasse | penasses | penast | penissons, penissiens | penissoiz, penissez, penissiez | penassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | peine | — | penons | penez | — | ||