1869, C. S. Pierce, "Grounds of Validity of the laws of Logic: Further Consequences of Four Incapacities." Journal of Speculative Philosophy.
A somewhat similar objection has been made by Locke and others, to the effect that the ordinary demonstrative syllogism is a petitio principii.
Etymology
From Latinpetitio principii(literally “an assumption from the beginning”), calque of Ancient Greekτὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ αἰτεῖσθαι(tò en arkhêi aiteîsthai, “to assume from the beginning”).