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Definition 2024
runger
runger
Old French
Verb
runger
- to gnaw (to chew)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of runger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | runger | avoir rungé | |||||
| gerund | en runjant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | runjant | ||||||
| past participle | rungé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | runge | runges | runge | runjons | rungez | rungent |
| imperfect | runjoie, rungeie, runjoe, rungeve | runjoies, rungeies, runjoes, rungeves | runjoit, rungeit, runjot, rungeve | rungiiens, rungiens | rungiiez, rungiez | runjoient, rungeient, runjoent, rungevent | |
| preterite | runjai | runjas | runja | runjames | runjastes | rungerent | |
| future | rungerai | rungeras | rungera | rungerons | rungeroiz, rungereiz, rungerez | rungeront | |
| conditional | rungeroie, rungereie | rungeroies, rungereies | rungeroit, rungereit | rungeriiens, rungeriens | rungeriiez, rungeriez | rungeroient, rungereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | runge | runges | runge | runjons | rungez | rungent |
| imperfect | runjasse | runjasses | runjast | rungissons, rungissiens | rungissoiz, rungissez, rungissiez | runjassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | runge | — | runjons | rungez | — | ||