Guaraní

Pronoun

upe

1. that

Latgalian

Noun

upe f

1. river

Latvian

Upe

Etymology

In principle, from Proto-Baltic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op-, *h₂op ‎(“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upìs, ùpis, Old Prussian ape ‎(“river”), apus ‎(“(water) well”), Sudovian upa ‎(“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) ‎(“river”), Sanskrit आपः ‎(āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp ‎(“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan ‎(“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- ‎(“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.^[1]

Noun

upe f (5th declension)

1. (geography) river (permanent watercourse)

   strauja, lēna upe‎ ― fast, slow river

   kalnu, līdzenumu upe‎ ― mountain, lowland river

   upes gultne‎ ― riverbed

   upes ieleja‎ ― river valley

   upes baseins‎ ― river basin

   upju sistēma‎ ― river system

   upes pietekas‎ ― river tributaries

   upes ieteka, grīva‎ ― river estuary, mouth

   upes izteka‎ ― river source, headwaters

   upes augštece, lejtece‎ ― upriver, downriver

   upju transports‎ ― fluvial transportation

   upju kuģniecība‎ ― river lines

Declension

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “upe”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• (upè) IPA^(key): [ʊˈpʲɛ]
• (ùpe) IPA^(key): [ˈʊpʲɛ]

Noun

upè f

1. instrumental singular form of upė.

Noun

ùpe f

1. vocative singular form of upė.