Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• πᾰρᾰστάνω ‎(parastánō)
• πᾰριστάνω ‎(paristánō)
• πᾰριστάω ‎(paristáō)

Verb

πᾰρῐ́στημῐ • ‎(parístēmi)

1. (transitive)
   1. I cause to stand by, I place beside
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.72.9

        τοὺς δ᾽ ἱππεῖς διελὼν ἐφ᾽ ἑκάτερον παρέστησε τὸ κέρας

        dividing his cavalry he placed half on each wing

      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 3.113.8
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 175
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timotheus 35
   2. I set before the mind, present; I inspire
      • 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 1

        οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν [...] οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν

        these orators commit the error of not laying before you the true subject

      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 72

        οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργήν, ἀλλ᾽ ἡ ἀτιμία

        For it was not the blow but the indignity that roused the anger.

      1. I dispose (put in place) a person
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Anger 28.W
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Theseus 35
      2. I represent, describe in poetry
         • 1 CE – 100 CE, Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, De Natura Deorum 1
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On the Good King According to Homer 65.O
         • 160 CE – 210 CE, Sextus Empiricus, Against the Mathematicians 7.310
      3. I furnish, supply, deliver
      4. I make good, prove, show
         • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Eratosthenes 51
         • New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 24.13
         • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Anger 85.W
      5. I present, offer, commend
         • New Testament, Epistle to the Romans 6.13
         • New Testament, First Epistle to the Corinthians 8.8
      6. I render
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.676.c
      7. (later Greek) I produce in court
   3. I set side by side, compare
      • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 40

        οὕτω καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι παριστάναι μὴ τὰς μικρὰς ταῖς μεγάλαις

        so also in the case of states to compare not the small with the great

2. (intransitive)
   1. I stand by, stand near
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.442

        ὣς φάθ᾽, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη

        So spoke he, and the other hearkened, and running stood near him

      1. I stand by, help, defend
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.254

           κλῦθί μευ [...] ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίστασαι

           Hear me... thou that dost ever stand by my side in all manner of toils

   2. I come, I am at hand
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.853

        ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος

        but even now death is near at hand

      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.467

        νῆες δ᾽ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι πολλαί

        And ships full many were at hand from Lemnos

   3. I come over to a side, I change opinion, come to terms, surrender, submit
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.99

        ἐς ὃ καὶ οἱ Καρύστιοι παρέστησαν ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην

        until the Carystians too came over to the Persians' side

   4. I happen, occur
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.23

        ἐν τῷ βίῳ θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι

        the greatest marvel to happen to him in his life

   5. I occur to one (as a thought)
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.61

        παρεστάναι δὲ μηδενὶ ὡς οἱ μὲν Δωριῆς ἡμῶν πολέμιοι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις

        but it should occur to nobody that the Dorians are only enemies of Athens

   6. I am disposed
      • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On the Good King According to Homer 45.O
      • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Music 71.K
      1. I collect myself
         • 86 CE – 160 CE, Arrian, Fr. 161.J
         • 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 17.43
         • 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 17.99
         • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alcibiades 19
      2. I improve with age (of wine), ripen
         • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.8
         • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 6.14.10
   7. I am beside myself
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 18.53.6

        ὁ δ᾽ οὕτως παρειστήκει τῶν φρενῶν

        whereupon Scopas was so infatuated

      1. I am passionately devoted to
         • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Ep. 17

Usage notes

The present, imperfect, future, aorist 1, and first perfect active forms govern the transitive senses, while the middle tenses, aorist 2 and active perfect and pluperfect forms govern the intransitive.

Inflection

Derived terms

• ἀμφῐπᾰρῐ́στᾰμαι ‎(amphiparístamai)
• ἀντῐπᾰρῐ́στημῐ ‎(antiparístēmi)
• δῐᾰπᾰρῐ́στημῐ ‎(diaparístēmi)
• ἐμπᾰρῐ́στᾰμαι ‎(emparístamai)
• προσπᾰρῐ́στᾰμαι ‎(prosparístamai)
• σῠμπᾰρῐ́στημῐ ‎(sumparístēmi)

Related terms

References

• παρίστημι in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• παρίστημι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• παρίστημι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «παρίστημι» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• «παρίστημι» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “G3936”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979