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Definition 2024
карандаш
карандаш
Russian
Alternative forms
- карандашъ (karandaš) (Pre-reform orthography)
Etymology
In Russian from the 16–17th centuries. Borrowing from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish karataş (“black slate”), composed of kara (“black”) + taş (“stone”), Tatar кара таш (qara taş, “graphite, black lead”). The origin of epenthetic -н- (-n-) is unclear. Perhaps it was added in colloquial Russian speech to ease the pronunciation. Compare каланча́ (kalančá) for the same epenthesis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kərɐnˈdaʂ]
Noun
каранда́ш • (karandáš) m inan (genitive карандаша́, nominative plural карандаши́, genitive plural карандаше́й)
Declension
Declension of каранда́ш (inan masc-form sibilant-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | каранда́ш karandáš |
карандаши́ karandaší |
| genitive | карандаша́ karandašá |
карандаше́й karandašéj |
| dative | карандашу́ karandašú |
карандаша́м karandašám |
| accusative | каранда́ш karandáš |
карандаши́ karandaší |
| instrumental | карандашо́м karandašóm |
карандаша́ми karandašámi |
| prepositional | карандаше́ karandašé |
карандаша́х karandašáx |
References
- Fasmer, Maks (1967), “карандаш”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, translated from German and supplemented by Trubačev O. N., Moscow: Progress, page 192
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “карандаш”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 379
- Šapošnikov, A. K. (2010), “карандаш”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ sovremennovo russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, page 379