Middle Armenian

Adjective

դժուար • ‎(džuar)

1. Alternative form of դժար ‎(džar)

References

• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “դժուար”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

• դժար ‎(džar) (dialectal)

Etymology

An Iranian borrowing. Compare Manichaean Parthian dyjwʾr ‎(*dižwār, “harsh, grievous; hardship, wrethchedness”), Middle Persian dwšʾwl ‎(*dušwār, “difficult, disagreeable”), Manichaean Middle Persian dwjwʾr ‎(*dužwār, “wretched, difficult”), Persian دشوار ‎(dušvār).

Adjective

դժուար • ‎(džuar)

1. difficult

   դժուարք լերանց‎ ― džuarkʿ lerancʿ ― rock, cragged or steep place

   ի դժուար լինել‎ ― i džuar linel ― to be in agony

   ի դժուար անկեալ‎ ― i džuar ankeal ― to run the risk, to be in danger

   դժուարօք բերել‎ ― džuarōkʿ berel ― to be afflicted

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Armenian: դժվար ‎(džvar)
• Middle Armenian: դժար ‎(džar), դժուար ‎(džuar)

References

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “դժուար”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “դժուար”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “դժուար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “դժուար”, in Sargsyan, Vahan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, ISBN 978-9939-50-121-5