Armenian

Alternative forms

• յարկ ‎(yark) (traditional orthography spelling)

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [hɑɾk]

Noun

հարկ • ‎(hark)

1. floor, storey

   այս շենքն ունի հինգ հարկ‎ ― ays šenkʿn uni hing hark ― this building has five floors

2. roof

   մեկ հարկի տակ ապրել‎ ― mek harki tak aprel ― to live under one roof

Declension

Descendants

• Georgian: ხარგა ‎(xarga) (possibly)

Etymology 2

From Old Armenian հարկ ‎(hark).

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [hɑɾk]

Noun

հարկ • ‎(hark)

1. necessity, need

   հարկ չկա անհանգստանալու‎ ― hark čʿka anhangstanalu ― there is no need to worry

   հարկ համարել‎ ― hark hamarel ― consider it necessary

Declension

Etymology 3

From Old Armenian հարկ ‎(hark).

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [hɑɾk]

Noun

հարկ • ‎(hark)

1. tax

   հարկեր վճարել‎ ― harker včarel ― to pay taxes

2. tribute

   հարկ դնել‎ ― hark dnel ― to lay under tribute

Declension

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

Ačaṙyan does not separate from հարկ ‎(hark, “tribute, tax”) and հարկանեմ ‎(harkanem, “to beat”), deriving all from the same Proto-Indo-European root, on which see հարկանեմ ‎(harkanem).

J̌ahukyan separates the three words and derives հարկ ‎(hark, “necessity; compulsion”) from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-g-, from *per- ‎(“to try, to dare, to risk; danger”), with cognates such as Old Armenian փորձ ‎(pʿorj), Ancient Greek πεῖρα ‎(peîra), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰 ‎(fairina, “crimination”), Old Norse fár ‎(“bale, harm”). See Pokorny for this root.

Noun

հարկ • ‎(hark)

1. necessity, want, need

   հարկ է‎ ― hark ē ― one must, it is necessary

   հարկ էր‎ ― hark ēr ― it was necessary

   չէ հարկ, չէ ինչ հարկ‎ ― čʿē hark, čʿē inčʿ hark ― it is not necessary, there is no need, no matter

   հարկ դժնդակ‎ ― hark džndak ― shocking necessity

   առանց հարկի‎ ― aṙancʿ harki ― without necessity

   հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկի‎ ― harkaw, i harkē, aṙ harki ― necessarily, of necessity, essentially; inevitably, indispensably

   հարկ ի վերայ կայ ինձ‎ ― hark i veray kay inj ― necessity obliges me to

   հարկ եղեւ նմա բողոքել ի կայսրն‎ ― hark ełew nma bołokʿel i kaysrn ― he was obliged to appeal to Caesar

   հարկ եղեւ մեզ առնել‎ ― hark ełew mez aṙnel ― we were obliged, compelled or constrained to do

   հարկ է ինձ երթալ‎ ― hark ē inj ertʿal ― I must go

   ըստ հարկի ժամանակին‎ ― əst harki žamanakin ― according to the wants of the age

   մեռցուք եթէ հարկ լիցի‎ ― meṙcʿukʿ etʿē hark licʿi ― let us die if it must be!

2. compulsion, force

   հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկի‎ ― harkaw, i harkē, aṙ harki ― by force, by compulsion, forcibly

   հարկ առնել‎ ― hark aṙnel ― to force, to constrain, to use violence

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Armenian: հարկ ‎(hark)

References

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “հարկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 391–392
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1837), “հարկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 62–63
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “հար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, pages 52–55
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 818
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “հարկ”, in Sargsyan, Vahan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, ISBN 978-9939-50-121-5, page 452a

Etymology 2

Ačaṙyan does not separate from հարկ ‎(hark, “necessity, want”) and հարկանեմ ‎(harkanem, “to beat”), deriving all from the same Proto-Indo-European root, on which see հարկանեմ ‎(harkanem).

J̌ahukyan separates the three words and after Bailey derives հարկ ‎(hark, “tribute; tax”) from Iranian; compare Parthian 𐭇𐭓𐭊 ‎(hark-) (in 𐭇𐭓𐭊𐭐𐭕𐭉 ‎(harkpat, “receiver general”)), Middle Persian hlg ‎(harg, “duty, tribute; work, effort”), Khotanese [script needed] ‎(harga-, “tax”), Aramaic 𐡄𐡋𐡊 ‎(hēleḵ, “tribute”), and Arabic خرج ‎(xarj), possibly from Iranian.

Noun

հարկ • ‎(hark)

1. tribute; penalty; tax, impost, duty, excise

   հարկս հարկանել‎ ― harks harkanel ― to pay a tribute; to be tribute to

   ընդ հարկաւ արկանել, ի հարկի կացուցանել‎ ― ənd harkaw arkanel, i harki kacʿucʿanel ― to place or lay under contribution, to tax, to load or burden with imposts, to levy contributions, to render tributary, to subdue, to subject, to enslave, to subjugate

   հարկ վերադիր‎ ― hark veradir ― additional tax

   հարկ տարապայման‎ ― hark tarapayman ― over-assessment

   հարկ հանել‎ ― hark hanel ― to gather in, to exact tribute, to raise money, to put a tax on

   հատուցանել զհարկ շնորհապարտ մեծարանացն‎ ― hatucʿanel zhark šnorhapart mecaranacʿn ― to pay the tribute of gratitude

2. duty, service

   ի հարկի կալ, մտանել ի հարկ‎ ― i harki kal, mtanel i hark ― to serve, to subject oneself to, to submit

3. collection (an act of collecting money to help a charity or during a church service)

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Armenian: հարկ ‎(hark)
• Georgian: ხარკი ‎(xarḳi)

References

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “հարկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 391–392
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1837), “հարկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 62bc
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “հար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, pages 52–55, 60
• Bailey, H. W. (1979), “harga-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 469a
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 531
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “harg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 43
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “հարկ”, in Sargsyan, Vahan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, ISBN 978-9939-50-121-5, page 452a