Armenian

Noun

ջուր • ‎(ǰur)

1. water

   ջուր խմել‎ ― ǰur xmel ― to drink water

Declension

Derived terms

• ջրանցք ‎(ǰrancʿkʿ)

Old Armenian

Etymology

Since Müller 1892 often connected with a family of Baltic words, namely Lithuanian jū́rės, jū́rios, Old Prussian *jūrʲai, iūrin, Lithuanian jūra ‎(“sea”), Lithuanian jáura, jáuras ‎(“marshy place”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *yuHr- ‎(“water”). J̌ahukyan adduces also Thracian Iuras ‎(“name of a river”). Further common comparisons with the family of Sanskrit वार् ‎(vār, “water”), Persian باران ‎(bārān, “rain”) are rejected by Olsen. The evidence for the Proto-Indo-European *y- → Old Armenian ջ- ‎(ǰ-) development is meager, but compare ջան ‎(ǰan), ջով ‎(ǰov). This etymology is accepted by Meillet, Ačaṙean, Solta, J̌ahukyan, Olsen (with reservation) and Matasović. The reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European root is supproted by Mallory / Adams but they reject the appurtenance of Armenian on phonetic grounds.

An alternative proposal started by the same Müller (1877) and supported by Justi connects ջուր ‎(ǰur) with Sanskrit क्षरति ‎(kṣarati), Avestan [script needed] ‎(γžaraiti), Persian شاریدن ‎(šārīdan, “to flow, stream”), شران ‎(šāran, “purling (as running water)”), Northern Kurdish şirik ‎(“drain”), şurik ‎(“waterspout”). This is accepted by Pokorny with reservation, who reconstructs Proto-Indo-European gʷʰdyōro- for Armenian. J̌ahukyan considers this etymology less likely than the above.

Noun

ջուր • ‎(ǰur)

1. water

   անոյշ ջուր‎ ― anoyš ǰur ― good or potable water

   ըմպելի ջուր‎ ― əmpeli ǰur ― drinkable water

   պաղ/զով ջուր‎ ― pał/zov ǰur ― cold or fresh water

   գաղջ ջուր‎ ― gałǰ ǰur ― tepid water

   տաք ջուր‎ ― takʿ ǰur ― hot water

   եռացեալ ջուր‎ ― eṙacʿeal ǰur ― boiling water

   հանքային ջուր‎ ― hankʿayin ǰur ― thermal water

   ծծմբային ջուր‎ ― ccmbayin ǰur ― sulfurous water

   աղային ջուր‎ ― ałayin ǰur ― saline water

   օրհնեալ ջուր‎ ― ōrhneal ǰur ― holy water

   չաստուած ջրոյ‎ ― čʿastuac ǰroy ― water-god

   ջուր մսոյ‎ ― ǰur msoy ― broth

   գաւաթ մի ջուր‎ ― gawatʿ mi ǰur ― a glass, of water

   դոյլ մի ջուր‎ ― doyl mi ǰur ― a bucket or pail of water

   դոյլ մի լի ջուր‎ ― doyl mi li ǰur ― a pailful of water

   ընդ ջուր եւ ընդ ցամաք‎ ― ənd ǰur ew ənd cʿamakʿ ― by sea and land

   տեղատութիւն եւ մակընթացութիւն ջուրց‎ ― tełatutʿiwn ew makəntʿacʿutʿiwn ǰurcʿ ― tide, flux and reflux, ebb and flow

   երթալ ջրոյ‎ ― ertʿal ǰroy ― to go to fetch water

   ջուր հանել‎ ― ǰur hanel ― to draw water

   ջուր ըմպել‎ ― ǰur əmpel ― to drink water

   հեղուլ, թափել, առնել ջուր‎ ― hełul, tʿapʿel, aṙnel ǰur ― to make water, to piss, to urine

   ջուր տալ‎ ― ǰur tal ― to water, to sprinkle; to water, to give to drink to

   եռացուցանել զջուր‎ ― eṙacʿucʿanel zǰur ― to warm, to boil water

   ջուր արկանել ձեռաց ուրուք‎ ― ǰur arkanel jeṙacʿ urukʿ ― to pour water on a person's hands

   լաւ է ջուր հորի քան զգինի յոռի‎ ― law ē ǰur hori kʿan zgini yoṙi ― pure water is better than bad wine

2. (as an adjective) liquid, watery

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Armenian: ջուր ‎(ǰur)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “ջուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935, pages 134–136
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ջուր”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 256a
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 114, 159
• Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 636b
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian (pdf), Zagreb, page 14
• Meillet, Antoine (1903) Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de l’arménien classique (in French), Vienna: Imprimerie des PP. Mékhitharistes, page 29
• Meillet, Antoine (1920), “Les noms du ‘feu’ et de l’‘eau’ et la question du genre”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 21, page 251
• Meillet, Antoine (1922), “De quelques y initiaux devant u- en indo-europeen”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 23, page 76
• Müller, Friedrich (1877), “Armeniaca V”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 88, issue 1, page 12
• Müller, Friedrich (1892), “Pahlawi und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 6, pages 267–268
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 50
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 487
• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ջուր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9) (in German), Vienna: Mechitharisten, pages 320–322