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Definition 2024
إن
إن
Arabic
Conjunction
إِن • (ʾin)
- if (possible, not contrary to fact)
- إِن أَحْبَبْتَنِي ― ʾin ʾaḥbabta-nī ― if you love me
- إِن تُحْبِبْنِي ― ʾin tuḥbib-nī ― if you love me
- إِن شَاءَ ٱللّٰه ― ʾin šāʾa llāh ― if God/Allah wills
Synonyms
- إِذَا (ʾiḏā)
Usage notes
Normally for conditions that are capable of being fulfilled. For contrary-to-fact conditions, use لَوْ (law). Used with the past tense or the jussive, in both cases with a present-tense meaning.
Etymology 2
Cognate to Hebrew הִנֵּה (“lo, behold”).[1][2]
Particle
إِنَّ • (ʾinna)
- indeed, an emphasizing sentence particle, usually untranslated
- that (following the verb قَالَ (qāla, “to say”) and the corresponding verbal noun قَوْل (qawl))
Inflection
Inflected forms
| Base form | إِنَّ (ʾinna) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
| First person | إِنِّي (ʾinnī) | إِنَّنَا (ʾinnanā) | |||
| Second person | إِنَّكَ (ʾinnaka) | إِنَّكِ (ʾinnaki) | إِنَّكُمَا (ʾinnakumā) | إِنَّكُمْ (ʾinnakum) | إِنَّكُنَّ (ʾinnakunna) |
| Third person | إِنَّهُ (ʾinnahu) | إِنَّهَا (ʾinnahā) | إِنَّهُمَا (ʾinnahumā) | إِنَّهُمْ (ʾinnahum) | إِنَّهُنَّ (ʾinnahunna) |
Usage notes
- The subject of a clause containing إِنَّ takes the accusative case.
See also
- (ʾinna and her sisters) إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا (ʾinna waʾaḵawātuhā); إِنَّ (ʾinna), أَنَّ (ʾanna), لٰكِنَّ (lākinna), لِأَنَّ (liʾanna), لَعَلَّ (laʿalla) لَيْتَ (layta) (Category: ar:sisters of ʾinna)
References
- ↑ 2001, Edward Lipiński, Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar, page 482: One of the oldest and most important presentatives is *han, attested in Palaeosyrian and in Old Akkadian en-ma, later umma by assimilation. It is found in Ugaritic (hn), in Old Canaanite (a-nu, a-nu-ú, an-nu, an-nu-ú), in Hebrew (hinnē), in Arabic (ʾinna), In Ge'ez (ʾən-ka); e.g. Arabic ʾinna llāha ʾalā kulli šayʾin qadīrun, "behold, God has power over everything". It should be identified with the West Semitic article han-, but carefully distinguished from the conditional particle hn → ʾn.
- ↑ 1997, Robert Hetzron, The Semitic Languages, page 201: The [Arabic] particle ʾinna, etymologically cognate to Hebrew hen, hinne: "behold", emphasizes that the speaker's utterance is true.