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Definition 2025

ὑπάρχω

See also: υπάρχω

Ancient Greek

Verb

ὑπάρχω • ‎(hupárkhō)

to begin, make a beginning, take initiative, be first
1. (transitive) to make a beginning of, begin
  1. (with genitive)
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.5
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.1
    - 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1581
    - 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 74
    - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 18.34
    - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 1.20
    - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 4.34
  2. (with accusative)
    - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 280
    - 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Unknown Work 236
    - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 42.23
    - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Defence against a Charge of Taking Bribes 25
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.93
2. (intransitive) be the beginner, be first, do without provocation
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.286
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1223
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 356.A
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timocrates 18
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, 169 44
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 456.E
  - 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Woman From Olynthos 2
  - 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 41.C
  - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 12.41
  1. to do something first
    1. (with participle)
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.8B
        οὐ πρότερον παύσομαι πρὶν ἢ ἕλω τε καὶ πυρώσω τὰς Ἀθήνας, οἵ γε ἐμὲ καὶ πατέρα τὸν ἐμὸν ὑπῆρξαν ἄδικα ποιεῦντες.
        I will never stop until I have taken and burnt Athens, because they have wronged me and my father unprovoked.
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.133
      - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.3.23
      - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.5.9
    2. (Koine, middle voice, with infinitive)
      - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 14.11
3. (passive)
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 31.31
  - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, First Olynthiac 10
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.11
  - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1159
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 136.13
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 8.14.4
(only in active)
1. to begin to be, to come into being, arise, spring up
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1068
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 704
  1. to be in existence, to be there, to be ready
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.144
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.15
    - 446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, The Golden Race 3
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 8.1
    - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 15
    - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 136.22
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.9
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 961
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.5.5
    - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 8.A
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.92
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Lacritus 12
    - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 295
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.4.4
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.124
  2. to really exist
    - 350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 2.14.17
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 8.2.3
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 1.2.10
  3. to be
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1656
    - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 932
    - 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1229
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.4
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 21.11
    - 362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Unknown Work 15
    - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 19
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 919
  4. (with a participle)
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.192
    - 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 38
    - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 7
  5. to be the descendant of
    - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.65
2. to be laid down, to be taken for granted
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 198.D
  - 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 30.C
  - 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 29.A
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 458.A
3. to belong to, fall to, accrue
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.109
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.64
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.86
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.45
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 58.C
  1. (of persons) to be devoted
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.1.4
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.5.5
    - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 54
  2. (in the logic of Aristotle, denotes the subsistence of qualities in a subject, whether propria or accidentia)
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.30.1
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.2.1
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.1.3
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Interpretation 3.2
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Interpretation 2.3
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 2.1.3
4. (in neuter plural participle, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα)
  1. existing circumstances, present advantages
    - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Second Olynthiac 2
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.18
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.31
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.4.9
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 4.1.4
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.76
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.1
  2. what belongs to one, one's possessions
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.144
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.141
    - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 38.E
    - 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 24.47
5. (impersonal, with infinitive and accusative) the fact is that
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1340
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 3.7.12
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 2.1.38
  1. it is allowed, it is possible
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.63
    - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 22.13
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 81.A
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.82
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.109
  2. (in neuter participle) since it is allowed you to
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.124, (compare Plato, Symposium 217.A)
to be ὕπαρχος ‎(húparkhos, “lieutenant”)
- 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 36.19
- 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 71.34

Inflection

Present: ὑπάρχω, ὑπάρχομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπάρχω	ὑπάρχεις	ὑπάρχει	ὑπάρχετον	ὑπάρχετον	ὑπάρχομεν	ὑπάρχετε	ὑπάρχουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὑπάρχω	ὑπάρχῃς	ὑπάρχῃ	ὑπάρχητον	ὑπάρχητον	ὑπάρχωμεν	ὑπάρχητε	ὑπάρχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπάρχοιμῐ	ὑπάρχοις	ὑπάρχοι	ὑπάρχοιτον	ὑπαρχοίτην	ὑπάρχοιμεν	ὑπάρχοιτε	ὑπάρχοιεν
	imperative		ὕπαρχε	ὑπαρχέτω	ὑπάρχετον	ὑπαρχέτων		ὑπάρχετε	ὑπαρχόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὑπάρχομαι	ὑπάρχῃ, ὑπάρχει	ὑπάρχεται	ὑπάρχεσθον	ὑπάρχεσθον	ὑπαρχόμεθᾰ	ὑπάρχεσθε	ὑπάρχονται
	subjunctive	ὑπάρχωμαι	ὑπάρχῃ	ὑπάρχηται	ὑπάρχησθον	ὑπάρχησθον	ὑπαρχώμεθᾰ	ὑπάρχησθε	ὑπάρχωνται
	optative	ὑπαρχοίμην	ὑπάρχοιο	ὑπάρχοιτο	ὑπάρχοισθον	ὑπαρχοίσθην	ὑπαρχοίμεθᾰ	ὑπάρχοισθε	ὑπάρχοιντο
	imperative		ὑπάρχου	ὑπαρχέσθω	ὑπάρχεσθον	ὑπαρχέσθων		ὑπάρχεσθε	ὑπαρχέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὑπάρχειν				ὑπάρχεσθαι
participle	m	ὑπάρχων				ὑπαρχόμενος
	f	ὑπάρχουσᾰ				ὑπαρχομένη
	n	ὑπάρχον				ὑπαρχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ὑπάρξω, ὑπάρξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπάρξω	ὑπάρξεις	ὑπάρξει	ὑπάρξετον	ὑπάρξετον	ὑπάρξομεν	ὑπάρξετε	ὑπάρξουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ὑπάρξοιμῐ	ὑπάρξοις	ὑπάρξοι	ὑπάρξοιτον	ὑπαρξοίτην	ὑπάρξοιμεν	ὑπάρξοιτε	ὑπάρξοιεν
middle	indicative	ὑπάρξομαι	ὑπάρξῃ, ὑπάρξει	ὑπάρξεται	ὑπάρξεσθον	ὑπάρξεσθον	ὑπαρξόμεθᾰ	ὑπάρξεσθε	ὑπάρξονται
middle	optative	ὑπαρξοίμην	ὑπάρξοιο	ὑπάρξοιτο	ὑπάρξοισθον	ὑπαρξοίσθην	ὑπαρξοίμεθᾰ	ὑπάρξοισθε	ὑπάρξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ὑπάρξειν			ὑπάρξεσθαι
participle	m	ὑπάρξων			ὑπαρξόμενος
	f	ὑπάρξουσᾰ			ὑπαρξομένη
	n	ὑπάρξον			ὑπαρξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὑπῆρξᾰ, ὑπηρξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπῆρξᾰ	ὑπῆρξᾰς	ὑπῆρξε(ν)	ὑπήρξᾰτον	ὑπηρξᾰ́την	ὑπήρξᾰμεν	ὑπήρξᾰτε	ὑπῆρξᾰν
	subjunctive	ὑπάρξω	ὑπάρξῃς	ὑπάρξῃ	ὑπάρξητον	ὑπάρξητον	ὑπάρξωμεν	ὑπάρξητε	ὑπάρξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπάρξαιμῐ	ὑπάρξειᾰς, ὑπάρξαις	ὑπάρξειε(ν), ὑπάρξαι	ὑπάρξαιτον	ὑπαρξαίτην	ὑπάρξαιμεν	ὑπάρξαιτε	ὑπάρξειᾰν, ὑπάρξαιεν
	imperative		ὕπαρξον	ὑπαρξᾰ́τω	ὑπάρξᾰτον	ὑπαρξᾰ́των		ὑπάρξᾰτε	ὑπαρξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὑπηρξᾰ́μην	ὑπήρξω	ὑπήρξᾰτο	ὑπήρξᾰσθον	ὑπηρξᾰ́σθην	ὑπηρξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὑπήρξᾰσθε	ὑπήρξᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὑπάρξωμαι	ὑπάρξῃ	ὑπάρξηται	ὑπάρξησθον	ὑπάρξησθον	ὑπαρξώμεθᾰ	ὑπάρξησθε	ὑπάρξωνται
	optative	ὑπαρξαίμην	ὑπάρξαιο	ὑπάρξαιτο	ὑπάρξαισθον	ὑπαρξαίσθην	ὑπαρξαίμεθᾰ	ὑπάρξαισθε	ὑπάρξαιντο
	imperative		ὕπαρξαι	ὑπαρξᾰ́σθω	ὑπάρξᾰσθον	ὑπαρξᾰ́σθων		ὑπάρξᾰσθε	ὑπαρξᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ὑπάρξαι			ὑπάρξᾰσθαι
participle	m	ὑπάρξᾱς			ὑπαρξᾰ́μενος
	f	ὑπάρξᾱσᾰ			ὑπαρξᾰμένη
	n	ὑπάρξᾰν			ὑπαρξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ὕπηργμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ὕπηργμαι	ὕπηρξαι	ὕπηρκται	ὕπηρχθον	ὕπηρχθον	ὑπήργμεθᾰ	ὕπηρχθε	ὑπήρχᾰται
	subjunctive	ὑπηργμένος ὦ	ὑπηργμένος ᾖς	ὑπηργμένος ᾖ	ὑπηργμένω ἦτον	ὑπηργμένω ἦτον	ὑπηργμένοι ὦμεν	ὑπηργμένοι ἦτε	ὑπηργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπηργμένος εἴην	ὑπηργμένος εἴης	ὑπηργμένος εἴη	ὑπηργμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον	ὑπηργμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ὑπηργμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ὑπηργμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ὑπηργμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ὕπηρξο	ὑπήρχθω	ὕπηρχθον	ὑπήρχθων		ὕπηρχθε	ὑπήρχθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ὕπηρχθαι
participle	m					ὑπηργμένος
	f					ὑπηργμένη
	n					ὑπηργμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

ὑπάρχω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὑπάρχω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὑπάρχω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
«ὑπάρχω» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
«ὑπάρχω» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ὑπάρχω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
“G5225”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979

Definify.com

Definition 2025

ὑπάρχω

ὑπάρχω

Ancient Greek

Verb

Inflection

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

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