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Definition 2024

免

免

免 U+514D, 免
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514D
← 兌
[U+514C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兎 →
[U+514E]
See also: 兔

Translingual

Han character

免 (radical 10 儿+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓日竹山 (NAHU), four-corner 27416, composition ⿱刀⿻口儿 or ⿱⺈⿻口儿)

References

  • KangXi: page 124, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1358
  • Dae Jaweon: page 264, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 270, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+514D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 免

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 免
Bronze inscriptions

b12515

b12516

b12517

b12518

b12519

b12520
Large seal script

L34720

L34721

L34722

L34723

L34724
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
免 *mronʔ
娩 *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉 *mronʔ
俛 *mronʔ
鮸 *mronʔ
冕 *mronʔ
絻 *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏 *m̥ʰos
浼 *muːlʔ
鞔 *moːn
悗 *moːn
嬎 *m̥ʰons
晚 *monʔ
挽 *monʔ
輓 *monʔ, *mons
脕 *monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬 *muns

Pictogram (象形) – a man in a hat. Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 冕 (OC *mronʔ) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 免
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 仙 (79)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 亡辨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mianX/
Li
Rong		 /mjɛnX/
Wang
Li		 /mĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 miǎn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 免
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 miǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjenX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English avoid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 免
Reading # 1/1
No. 9065
Phonetic
component		 免
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 免
Old
Chinese		 /*mronʔ/

Definitions

免

  1. to take off; to remove from the body
  2. to release; to set free
  3. to excuse from; to exempt
  4. to discharge; to waive; to forgive
  5. to dismiss from office
  6. to be not allowed; to be forbidden to
  7. (Min Nan) it is not necessary; there is no need
Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

免

  1. (historical) Alternative form of 絻 (“a kind of mourning apparel”).
  2. bud

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

免

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Noun

免 ‎(hiragana めん, romaji men)

  1. dismissal, being made to quit

Korean

Hanja

免 • ‎(myeon, mun) (hangeul 면, 문, revised myeon, mun, McCune-Reischauer myŏn, mun, Yale myen, mwun)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

免 (miễn, mấy, mến, mém, mễm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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