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Definition 2024

吸

吸

吸 U+5438, 吸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5438
← 吷
[U+5437] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吹 →
[U+5439]

Translingual

Han character

吸 (radical 30 口+4 in Chinese, 口+3 in Japanese, in Chinese 7 strokes, in Japanese 6 strokes, cangjie input 口弓竹水 (RNHE), four-corner 67047, composition ⿰口及)

References

  • KangXi: page 179, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3372
  • Dae Jaweon: page 397, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 594, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5438

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 吸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
趿 *sqʰɯːb
鈒 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb
靸 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb
馺 *sqʰɯːb
砐 *ŋɡɯːb
魥 *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab
扱 *skʰrɯːb
笈 *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb
衱 *ɡrab, *kab
极 *ɡrab, *ɡab
昅 *ɡab
雭 *sqʰrɯb
急 *krɯb
級 *krɯb
汲 *krɯb
芨 *krɯb
伋 *krɯb
彶 *krɯb
及 *ɡrɯb
岌 *ŋɡrɯb
吸 *qʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰrɯb) : semantic 口 ‎(“mouth”) + phonetic 及 ‎(OC *ɡrɯb) – to inhale through the mouth. Note that 及 originally derives from “grab”, hence connotations of “grab through the mouth, inhale”.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 吸
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕi⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕi⁵³/
Jinan /ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕi²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕi²¹/
Xining /ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
/ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/ 老
/ɕi²¹/ 新
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ¹³/ 呼～
/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ 水～了
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰip̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐp̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰɐp̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰɐp̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hip̚³²/
/kʰip̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xi²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰip̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lip̚⁵/
Rime
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 許及切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hjip̚/
Li
Rong		 /xjəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /xĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰ(r)əp/
English inhale

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
No. 5667
Phonetic
component		 及
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 吸
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰrɯb/

Definitions

吸

  1. to suck (in)
    吸塵器 / 吸尘器  ―  xīchénqì  ―  vacuum cleaner
  2. to smoke
    吸煙 / 吸烟  ―  xīyān  ―  to smoke cigarettes
    吸大麻  ―  xī dàmá  ―  to smoke marijuana
  3. to absorb
    吸油紙 / 吸油纸  ―  xīyóuzhǐ  ―  facial oil blotting paper

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

吸

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

吸 • ‎(heup) (hangeul 흡)

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Vietnamese

Han character

吸 (cộp, cạp, hấp, hớp, húp, hút)

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