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Definition 2025

堅持

堅持

See also: 坚持

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	to grasp; to hold; support to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain
trad. (堅持)		堅	持
simp. (坚持)		坚	持

Verb

堅持

to insist on; to persist with; to keep on doing something

你需要進一步堅持自己的想法。 [MSC, trad.]

你需要进一步坚持自己的想法。 [MSC, simp.]

Nǐ xūyào jìnyībù jiānchí zìjǐ de xiǎngfǎ. [Pinyin]

You need to assert yourself more.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
堅	持
けん Grade: S	じ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

堅持 ‎(hiragana けんじ, romaji kenji)

insist, persistence, tenacity, adherence

Synonyms

固執 (こしつ) ‎(koshitsu)
固持 (こじ) ‎(koji)

Verb

堅持する ‎(hiragana けんじする, romaji kenji suru)

insist, persist

Conjugation

Conjugation of "堅持する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	堅持し	けんじし	kenji shi
Continuative (連用形)	堅持し	けんじし	kenji shi
Terminal (終止形)	堅持する	けんじする	kenji suru
Attributive (連体形)	堅持する	けんじする	kenji suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	堅持すれ	けんじすれ	kenji sure
Imperative (命令形)	堅持せよ¹ 堅持しろ²	けんじせよ¹ けんじしろ²	kenji seyo¹ kenji shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	堅持される	けんじされる	kenji sareru
Causative	堅持させる堅持さす	けんじさせるけんじさす	kenji saseru kenji sasu
Potential	堅持できる	けんじできる	kenji dekiru
Volitional	堅持しよう	けんじしよう	kenji shiyō
Negative	堅持しない	けんじしない	kenji shinai
Negative continuative	堅持せず	けんじせず	kenji sezu
Formal	堅持します	けんじします	kenji shimasu
Perfective	堅持した	けんじした	kenji shita
Conjunctive	堅持して	けんじして	kenji shite
Hypothetical conditional	堅持すれば	けんじすれば	kenji sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): jiānchí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄔˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ ci⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-chhṳ̀ / kiân-chhṳ̀
Min Nan (POJ): kian-chhî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiānchí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄔˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianchyr
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹ ci⁴
  - Yale: gīn chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ tsi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien´ ciiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ ci²
  - IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian´ ciiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ ci²
  - IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-chhî
  - Tâi-lô: kian-tshî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kienchii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰi²³/