Definify.com
Definition 2024
Etymology
From 天 (tiān, “sky”) + 氣／气 (qì, “gas, air, qi”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 hei3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-hi
- Min Dong (BUC): tiĕng-ké
- Min Nan (POJ): thiⁿ-khì
- Wu (Wiktionary): thi qi (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianchih
- IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: tin1 hei3
- Yale: tīn hei
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 hei3
- IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ hei̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-hi
- Hakka Romanization System: tien´ hi
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 hi4
- IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ hi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-ké
- IPA (key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (kʰ-)ŋɛi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-khì
- Tâi-lô: thinn-khì
- Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'qix
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ kʰi⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: thi qi (T1)
- IPA (key): /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 天 | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 溪 (29) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 微 (20) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III | III |
| Fanqie | 他前切 | 去旣切 | 許旣切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰen/ | /kʰɨiH/ | /hɨiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰen/ | /kʰɨiH/ | /hɨiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰɛn/ | /kʰiəiH/ | /xiəiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰɛn/ | /kʰɨjH/ | /hɨjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰen/ | /kʰiəiH/ | /xiəiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰien/ | /kʰĭəiH/ | /xĭəiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰien/ | /kʰe̯iH/ | /xe̯iH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tiān | qì | xì |
- Old Chinese▼
- (Baxter-Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] C.qʰəp-s|qʰət-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn kʰɯds|qʰɯds/
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 天 | 天 | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tiān | xiān | qì | xì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ then › | ‹ xen › | ‹ khjɨjH › | ‹ xjɨjH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ˤi[n]/ | /*l̥ˤi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˤ- > Hàn-time *xˤ- > MC x-) | /*C.qʰəp-s/ | /*qʰət-s/ |
| English | heaven | heaven | cloudy vapors | to present food |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 天 | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12387 | 10140 | 10143 |
| Phonetic component |
天 | 气 | 气 |
| Rime group |
眞 | 隊 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
天 | ||
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰl'iːn/ | /*kʰɯds/ | /*qʰɯds/ |
| Notes | 後作餼 | ||