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Definition 2024


U+4F5C, 作
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5C

[U+4F5B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4F5D]
See also:

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 9 +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹尸 (OHS), four-corner 28211, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 99, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 210, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 134, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4F5C

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
*ʔsraːʔ
*ʔsraːʔ
*ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
*ʔsraːɡs
*ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
*ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
*ʔsraːɡs
*ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
*zraːɡs
*ʔsraːnʔ
*sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
*zaːɡs
*zaːɡs
*zaːɡs
*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
*ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
*ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ
*zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
*ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
*ʔsraːɡ
*ʔsraːɡ
*zraːɡ
*zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ) : semantic  (man) + phonetic  (OC *zraːɡs).

Etymology

Derivative: (“to do”) (the departing-tone variant).

Pronunciation 1



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo⁵¹/
/t͡suo⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工~
/t͡suo²⁴/ ~料
Tianjin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工~
/t͡suo²¹/ ~坊
Jinan /t͡suə²¹³/
/t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao /t͡suə⁴²/ ~息
/t͡suə⁵⁵/ 工~
Zhengzhou /t͡suo²⁴/ 工~
/t͡suo⁴²/ ~料
Xi'an /t͡suo²¹/
Xining /t͡su⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡suə¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡suə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡suɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡suo²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡so³¹/
Guiyang /t͡so²¹/
Kunming /t͡so³¹/
Nanjing /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suaʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡suaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡so²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡so⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡so²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡so²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sok̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔk̚³/
Nanning /t͡sɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sɔk̚³²/
/t͡soʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sak̚²/
/t͡soʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /to⁵⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial () (13) (13) (13)
Final () (23) (94) (103)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division () I I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sɔH/ /t͡saH/ /t͡sak̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡suH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuò zuo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuò zuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsak › ‹ tsuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ts]ˤak/ /*[ts]ˤak-s/
English do, work do, work

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 16641 16653 16661
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to get up (from a place)
  2. to get up (in the morning) and go to work
  3. to begin to grow; to come into being
  4. to arise; to come about; to happen; to occur; to break out
  5. to do; to perform; to carry out
    什麼 / 什么   Nǐ zài zuò shénme?   What are you doing?
  6. to work; to exert oneself
  7. to make; to manufacture
  8. to compose; to write
       zuòzhě   author
  9. to brace oneself; to boost
  10. to feign; to pretend
  11. to work as; to serve as
  12. to build; to construct
  13. to play; to perform
  14. to emit; to give out
  15. to start; to launch
  16. to be like; similar
  17. Alternative form of (, “to curse; to damn”).
  18. work; composition; article
  19. affair; matter
  20. measure; action
Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. workshop; studio; workroom
  2. (neologism, originally dialectal) contrived; artificial; affected; pretentious; dramatic; high-maintenance

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Related terms

  • 抜け作

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
さく
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (tsak, to do, to work). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok3, Wu tsoq (T4).

Pronunciation 1

Noun

(hiragana さく, romaji saku)

  1. a work, a production (particularly a cultural work, such as a work of art, of literature, or of theatre)

Pronunciation 2

Noun

(hiragana さく, romaji saku)

  1. a crop, a harvest

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
つく(り)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 作る (tsukuru, to make; to build; to work the land, to grow something), itself from Old Japanese.[2]

Pronunciation 1

Noun

(hiragana つくり, romaji tsukuri)

  1. the workmanship or make of something, how something is made
     (つく)のいい家具 (かぐ)
    tsukuri no ii kagu
    furniture of good make or workmanship, well-made furniture
  2. make-up, dress, comportment: how one dresses and comports oneself
    派手 (はで) (つく) (きら)いだ。
    Hade na tsukuri wa kirai da.
    I dislike colorful / flashy dress.
  3. a helping or serving of fresh sashimi, usually several slices
     (しゃけ) (つく) (たの)しみにしている。
    Shake no tsukuri o tanoshimi ni shite iru.
    I'm looking forward to a helping of salmon sashimi.
Usage notes

More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

Pronunciation 2

  • Kun'yomi
  • IPA(key): [zɯᵝkɯᵝɾi]
  • The -tsukuri changes to -zukuri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Suffix

(hiragana づくり, romaji -zukuri)

  1. the making of something, particularly as in cultivation
     (にわ) (づく)、バラ (づく)
    niwazukuri, barazukuri
    gardening / garden cultivation, rose cultivation / growing roses
Usage notes

More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

(jak, ju) (hangeul , , McCune-Reischauer chak, chu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(tác, tố)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References