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Definition 2024
幹
幹
Translingual
Han character
幹 (radical 51 干+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一十 (JJOMJ), four-corner 48441, composition ⿰𠦝⿱𠆢干)
Derived terms
References
- KangXi: page 341, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9183
- Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 409, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5E79
Chinese
| trad. | 幹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 干 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̥ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːns) : semantic 倝 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
Etymology
The vulgar sense entered Mandarin from Min Nan 姦／奸 (kàn), as 姦 shares the same pronunciation with 幹 in Min Nan.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gon3
- Min Dong (BUC): gáng / guāng
- Min Nan (POJ): kàn
- Wu (Wiktionary): koe (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: kan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
- IPA (key): /ka̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gon3
- Yale: gon
- Cantonese Pinyin: gon3
- IPA (key): /kɔːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng / guāng
- IPA (key): /kɑŋ²¹³/, /kuaŋ³³/
- Note: gáng - literary; guāng - colloquial.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
- Tâi-lô: kàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
- IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: koe (T2)
- IPA (key): /kø³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 幹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古案切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɑnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kɑnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kɑnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kɑnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kɑnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kɑnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
gàn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 幹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
gàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤar-s/ |
| English | stem; framework |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 幹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3587 |
| Phonetic component |
干 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
旰 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kaːns/ |
Definitions
幹
- main part of something; body; trunk
- to do
- to work
- (vulgar) to ****, to engage in sexual intercourse
- 幹恁娘！ / 干恁娘！ [Min Nan] ― Kàn-lín-niâ! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― **** your mother!
- 幹你媽！ / 干你妈！ ― Gàn nǐ mā! ― **** your mother!
- (vulgar) to kill
- (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) to steal
- (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) to blame, to condemn
Compounds
Derived terms from 幹
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Japanese
Kanji
幹
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology
幹 (miki): a tree trunk.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 幹 |
|
みき Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Originally a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + 木 (ki, “tree”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
- Kun'yomi
- (Tokyo) みき [míꜜkì] (Atamadaka - [1])[2][4]
- (Tokyo) みき [mìkí] (Heiban - [0])[4]
- IPA(key): [mikʲi]
Noun
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
幹 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune-Reischauer kan)
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Vietnamese
Han character
幹 (cán)
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