Translingual

Han character

鼾 (radical 209 鼻+3, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一十 (HLMJ), four-corner 2124₀)

References

• KangXi: page 1530, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48505
• Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4779, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9F3E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic 鼻 + phonetic 干 ‎(OC *kaːn).

Pronunciation

Definitions

鼾

1. to snore (loudly)
2. snore; snoring

   打鼾  ―  dǎhān  ―  to snore

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: かん (kan), がん (gan)
• Kan’on: かん (kan)
• Kun: いびき (ibiki), くつち (kutsuchi) (non-Jōyō reading)

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 鼾 ‎(“snoring”).

Only found in compounds. Not used in isolation.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

鼾 ‎(hiragana かん, romaji kan)

1. snoring

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Originally a compound of 息 ‎(i, “breath, breathing”) +‎ 引き ‎(hiki, “pulling, drawing”, the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 引く hiku “to pull, to draw”).^[1][2]The hiki changes to biki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) いびき​ [ìbíkíꜜ] (Odaka - [3])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ibikʲi]

Noun

鼾 ‎(hiragana いびき, romaji ibiki)

1. snoring, a snore

Derived terms

Verb

鼾する ‎(hiragana いびきする, romaji ibiki suru)

1. to snore

Conjugation

Synonyms

• 鼾 (いび)く ‎(ibiku) (rare, probably obsolete)

Usage notes

The verb sense “to snore” is more commonly expressed using the verbal phrases 鼾を掻く ‎(ibiki o kaku, literally “to make a snoring sound”) or 鼾を立てる ‎(ibiki o tateru, literally “to raise a snore, to put up a snore”).

Etymology 3

Apparently the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 鼾つ ‎(kutsutsu, “to sleep while snoring”, possibly onomatopoeic).^[1]

The epilepsy sense may have arisen from how one's breathing may be spastic and vaguely similar to snoring when suffering an epileptic seizure.

However, the conjugation of this putative verb is unknown, and it is only encountered in what would be the nominalized 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of kutsuchi.^[1] This leaves open the possibility of alternative origins:

• May be a compound of 口 ‎(kutsu, “mouth”, the bound form of modern 口 ‎(kuchi), only found in compounds) +‎ 風 ‎(chi, “wind”, from the way that snoring often happens when breathing through the mouth, or from the way that an epileptic seizure may involve spastic breathing vaguely similar to snoring).
• The epilepsy sense may be a compound of 口 ‎(kutsu, “mouth”, the bound form of modern 口 ‎(kuchi), only found in compounds) +‎ 血 ‎(chi, “blood”, from the common occurrence of biting one's tongue during an epileptic seizure).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [kɯᵝt͡sɯᵝt͡ɕi]

Alternative forms

• 癲狂, 癲癇

Noun

鼾 ‎(hiragana くつち, romaji kutsuchi)

1. (archaic, rare) snoring
2. (archaic, rare) epilepsy

Derived terms

Synonyms

• (epilepsy): 癲癇 (てんかん) ‎(tenkan)

References

1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

鼾 • ‎(han) (hangeul 한, McCune-Reischauer han, Yale han)

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Vietnamese

Han character

鼾 (han)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.