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Definition 2025
奸
奸
See also: 姦
Translingual
Han character
奸 (radical 38 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)
References
- KangXi: page 255, character 4
 - Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
 - Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
 - Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1025, character 1
 - Unihan data for U+5978
 
Chinese
| trad. | 奸/姦 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 奸 | |
| 姦: “evil; to commit adultery; to rape” | ||
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad | 
| 肝 | *kaːn | 
| 竿 | *kaːn | 
| 干 | *kaːn | 
| 奸 | *kaːn | 
| 玕 | *kaːn | 
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns | 
| 迀 | *kaːn | 
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns | 
| 鳱 | *kaːn | 
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn | 
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns | 
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 旰 | *kaːns | 
| 盰 | *kaːns | 
| 幹 | *kaːns | 
| 杆 | *kaːns | 
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns | 
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ | 
| 刊 | *kʰaːn | 
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan | 
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns | 
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns | 
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̥ʰraːn | 
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd | 
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns | 
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns | 
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns | 
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns | 
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ | 
| 虷 | *ɡaːn | 
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ | 
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ | 
| 釬 | *ɡaːns | 
| 扞 | *ɡaːns | 
| 閈 | *ɡaːns | 
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn | 
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ | 
| 悍 | *ɡaːns | 
| 銲 | *ɡaːns | 
| 垾 | *ɡaːns | 
| 駻 | *ɡaːns | 
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ | 
| 娨 | *ɡraːns | 
| 飦 | *kan | 
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad | 
| 軒 | *qʰan | 
| 蓒 | *qʰan | 
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ | 
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ | 
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
 - Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan1
 - Min Dong (BUC): găng
 - Min Nan (POJ): kan
 - Wu (Wiktionary): ke (T1); ji (T1)
 
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
 - Wade-Giles: chien1
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
 - IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
 -  

 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
 - Wade-Giles: kan1
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
 - IPA (key): /ka̠n⁵⁵/
 - Note: gān - Mainland, used in the sense “to offend”.
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gaan1
 - Yale: gāan
 - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
 - IPA (key): /kɑːn⁵⁵/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 -  Min Dong
-  (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
 - IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
 
 
 -  (Fuzhou)
 - Min Nan
 -  Wu
-  (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ke (T1); ji (T1)
 - IPA (key): /kᴇ⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/
 - Note: 1ke - vernacular; 1ji - literary.
 
 
 -  (Shanghainese)
 
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | 
| Division (等) | I | 
| Fanqie | 古寒切 | 
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/kan/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/kɑn/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
gān | 
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
gān | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ kan › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*kˤa[r]/ | 
| English | treacherous | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 
| No. | 3571 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
干 | 
| Rime group  | 
元 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
1 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
干 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*kaːn/ | 
Definitions
奸
- to offend; to conflict
 - to stage an armed rebellion or steal
 - evil; wicked; treacherous
 - self-seeking; wily
 - evildoer; treacherous person
 - traitor; betrayer
 - to commit adultery
 
Antonyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 奸
Japanese
Kanji
奸
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
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Readings
Compounds
Compounds
  | 
| Kanji in this term | 
|---|
| 奸 | 
| 
かん Hyōgaiji  | 
| on'yomi | 
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 奸 (kan).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Adjective
奸 (-na inflection, hiragana かん, romaji kan)
Inflection
Inflection of "奸な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 奸だろ | かんだろ | kan daro | 
| Continuative (連用形) | 奸で | かんで | kan de | 
| Terminal (終止形) | 奸だ | かんだ | kan da | 
| Attributive (連体形) | 奸な | かんな | kan na | 
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 奸なら | かんなら | kan nara | 
| Imperative (命令形) | 奸であれ | かんであれ | kan de are | 
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 奸ではない 奸じゃない  | 
 かんではない かんじゃない  | 
 kan de wa nai kan ja nai  | 
| Informal past | 奸だった | かんだった | kan datta | 
| Informal negative past | 奸ではなかった 奸じゃなかった  | 
 かんではなかった かんじゃなかった  | 
 kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta  | 
| Formal | 奸です | かんです | kan desu | 
| Formal negative | 奸ではありません 奸じゃありません  | 
 かんではありません かんじゃありません  | 
 kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen  | 
| Formal past | 奸でした | かんでした | kan deshita | 
| Formal negative past | 奸ではありませんでした 奸じゃありませんでした  | 
 かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした  | 
 kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita  | 
| Conjunctive | 奸で | かんで | kan de | 
| Conditional | 奸なら(ば) | かんなら(ば) | kan nara (ba) | 
| Provisional | 奸だったら | かんだったら | kan dattara | 
| Volitional | 奸だろう | かんだろう | kan darō | 
| Adverbial | 奸に | かんに | kan ni | 
| Degree | 奸さ | かんさ | kansa | 
Noun
- wickedness, wicked person
 
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
 - ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
 
Korean
Hanja
奸 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune-Reischauer kan)
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
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